الفهرس 
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Abstract
The first experiment: (Six population experiment). The present study was carried out at the Experimental Farm at Sids Agricultural Research Station, Benysweif, Egypt. The genetic materials used in this investigation as parents included four bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum, L). Four genotypes were chosen as Sakha93, Sids1, Sakha94 and Gemmiza9. Three crosses derived from the above parents have been chosen as follows: Cross 1: (Sakha93 x Sids1), Cross 2: (Sakha93 x Gemmiza9) and Cross 3 : (Sakha94 x Gemmiza9). The results obtained can be summarized as follows : The obtained date showed that the parental variety Sids1 was the best parent for plant height, 1000-grain weight, number of spikes/plant traits under normal irrigation, number of grains/spike under water stress treatment and grain yield/plant under both water treatments. The results indicated that the best crosses for plant height and number of grains/spike was cross 3 (Sakha94×Gemmiza9), for 1000-grain weight and number of spikes/plant for cross 2 (Sakha93×Gemmiza9) and grain yield/plant for cross 1 (Sakha93×Sids1). Tolerance index and yield redaction ratio obtained that the two parental varieties Sakha93 and Sids1 were the best tolerant parents and low sensitivity to water stress. The results indicated that cross 1 (Sakha93×Sids1) which these two parents involved in had low mean values at both tolerance index and yield redaction ratio at most of generations so that cross 1(Sakha93×Sids1) was favored for water stress treatment. Additive genetic effect components played a great role in the inheritance of plant height, 1000-grain weight and number of spikes/plant at most cases under normal irrigation and water stress treatment. Dominance genetic effect components played a great role in the inheritance of 1000-grain weight at cross 2 (Sakha93×Gemmiza9) under normal irrigation. The second experiment: (In Vitro experiment). The main objective of this investigation was to study the effects of genotype, levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration and their interaction on immature embryo induction in wheat. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : The results showed the presence of significant differences between these genotypes for some In vitro traits with respect to the four PEG levels. The results showed that the addition of 10 g/l PEG to MS nutrient medium and 1 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l Kinetin in regeneration medium could be the best concentration for immature embryo purpose in wheat. The results revealed that the genetic variation were high and positive for some traits.