الفهرس 
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Abstract
It is concerned that the installation of small-scale Distributed Generation (DG) to the
distribution grid may cause voltage instability and power quality problems to
customers. The expansion of Photovoltaic (PV) on low voltage grid has raised
concern to Distribution Network Operators (DNO) due to the negative impact of
high penetration level of PV which tends to affect the operation, control and security
of the traditional distribution feeder. The negative impacts are protection issues,
increased losses, transformer and cable rating issues, sudden voltage rise, voltage
unbalance, the operation of On-Line Tap Changers (OLTC) and Automatic Voltage
Regulator (AVR) and reverse power flow which has affected the behavior of the
traditional low voltage (LV) grid.
This thesis presents maximum power point tracking techniques based on
proportional-integral (PI) and Fraction order Proportional Integral (FOPI) finetuned by Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA).
The stability of a hybrid typical PV-diesel system located at Siwa oasis through
Demand Side Management (DSM) techniques, so we present DSM techniques
in the smart grid, which helps in enhancing the dynamic stability of a hybrid
PV and diesel system which was affected by the expansion of the renewable
resources of power. The Simulation results proved in this thesis show the
improvement in the system dynamic performance using the proposed
techniques. Different scenarios of sun radiation and ambient temperature are
used in this study to ensure the stability of the overall system. The actual
measurement of the temperature and solar radiation were taken off the oasis.
Optimization of the operation of the under-study system is the main objective
of this thesis.