الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Functional foods attract much attention through the few last decades. Recently , probiotics are included under the category of functional food. In this regard the current study includes three main points: firstly growth and physiological properties of the selected strains :
Four strains of bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium angulatum ATCC 2238 , Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 , Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 2203 and Bifidobacterium bifidum LMG 10645 ) were selected Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 2203 was more resistant to 0.3% bile salts , Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 was the most . After 30 min of incubation with sheep epithelial cells Bifidobacterium bifidum LMG 10645 had better adhesion . The studied species were resistant to neomycin 30µG , cefadroxil 30µG, cefoxitin 30µG, cefepime 30µG and oxacillin 1µG .All of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol 30µG and erythromycin 15 µG.
Secondly , growth of bifidobacteria on different types of milk, all strains were able to grow at the six types of milk , the growth was in the range between 1.5 x106 cfu /ml (sheep milk ) - 2.1x107 cfu /ml (cow milk ) . The slowest growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 was 7.5 x105 cfu /ml , it was found when it was grown in camel milk and the best growth was noticed in goat and sheep milks . All of the strains grow at the same rate in bovine milk 107 cfu /ml.
Thirdly , protective effect of bifidobacteria ssp on induced NAFLD . All bifidobacterial groups showed limited weight gain compared to negative control , about liver weight , model and reference groups did not differ statically 2.983 ±.008 and 3.157± 0.084 . Decreasing in liver index was observed by Bifidobacterium spp .
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 could decrease TG and TC about (57and 17.9 %) respectively , it could also decrease LDL ,vLDL , AI and TG/HDL significantly and elvate HDL/TC ratio. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 was the most effective strain to decrease ALT and AST .
Bifidobacterium spp have a good effect on decreasing fasting glucose and improve insulin resistance in T1,T2,T3 and T4 which fed on normal fat diet and also on HFD.
Liver section of rats received B. animalis (T2) showed the best histological picture while feeding rats on high calories from fat 70% showed the worst histological picture (C+ ) . It could be recommended that using Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 due to its capability to grow at low pHs degree, 0.3% bile salts and high tolerance to several antibiotics which considered as a promise index for using this strain in antibiotic treatment period. Moreover ,it is recommended to add this strain to bovine milk 2 ml / rat (each ml containing 1010 cfu / ml ) to improve lipid profile liver function , ezyme activity , insulin resistance and deposition of fat on liver tissue and protect from progression of NASH disorders .
Further studies should be carried out to investigate the protective and curative effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 on NAFLD.