الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia represents one of the major public health disease affecting different body organs. Fertility take a great part in the public health due to a common high intake of dietary rich in fats and cholesterol and are responsible for inducing infertility. Ninety-six of female rats weighing approximately 100-110 gm body weight and arranged in eight groups (n=12). The experimental groups are control, supplemented diet containing barley and or dates, hypercholesterolemia (3%), hypercholesterolemia supplemented diet containing barley and or dates. The experimental group fed on the diet containing the required food items for each studied group for four months. After four months, they were subjected for mating and their offspring at 1,2 & 3 weeks were sacrificed and their gonads were separated and subjected for analysis of histo-cytological structures and other biochemical investigation. Date-palm dried and ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant, alkaloid and flavenoids content compared to barley grain either dried or ethanolic extract. On the other hand the phenolic and tannin content of barley become much greater.The testis of postnatal youngs 1, 2 &3 week-old of hypercholesterolemic mother exhibited marked increase of the total numbers of seminiferous tubules in comparison with the control. These were confirmed by marked reduction of the mean tubular diameter as well as apparent decrease of the germ cell height. However those of hypercholesterolemic mother fed on barley and/ or date revealed marked improvement. At ultrastructural level the ovary observations of 1 week-old maternally fed on hypercholesterolemic diet exhibited atrophy and widespread of cytoplasmic vacuoles and electron-dense heterochromatin condensation of chromatin in nuclei of the follicle cells. However, neonates of mother fed on hypercholesterolemic diet plus barley, the cytological structure of the oocyte improved and appeared almost of the normal picture. Meanwhile those of hypercholesterolemic and either date or date and barley supplementation exhibited less improved and clumping of oocyte nuclear heterochromation although the follicle cells are improved. In control, both testicular and ovarian tissues possessed increased immunohistochemical reaction of PCNA in control, barley and date-supplemented group, mostly in the proliferating germ cells. In experimental hypercholesterolemic group, there was a marked decrease of dark brown-deposits in the spermatogenic cells. However, offspring maternally fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing barley and/ or dates, possessed a moderate dark-brown immunohistochemical reaction. The immunostaining reaction was highly observed in testis of neonate maternally fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing barley more than those of dates or barley and dates compared to the control. Image analysis represented the average change of the expression of PCNA immunohistochemical reactions in the studied groups.Neonatal ovary and testis maternally fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet exhibited a marked decrease of the activities of catalase superoxide dismutase and glutathione-s- transferase compared to the control. However, there was a marked increase of malondialdehyde level in those maternally fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet in comparison with the control. Meanwhile, the testicular tissues of neonates maternally fed on the hypercholesterolemic diet containing barley and/or dates restored the assayed antioxidant levels but were still not matched with the control.The testicular and ovarian tissues tissue of offspring maternally fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet exhibited a significant increase of the assayed annexin v of summation UR+LR. On the other hand, those of mother fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet containing barley and/or dates exhibited a decrease of the assayed annexin v manifesting improvement especially in those of hypercholesterolemic and barley group.