الفهرس 
Definition of listening effort:
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Abstract
Summary
Listening effort can be defined as the mental exertion required to attend to and understand an auditory massage (Romberg 2014 and Wingfield 2014). Although the research community has not reached a consensus regarding the definition of listening effort, it has been suggested that listening effort could be conceptualized as the cognitive resources allocated for speech processing (Hick & Tharpe 2002; Fraser et al. 2010; Gosselin & Gagné 2010; Zekveld et al. 2010).
Patients with hearing loss reported increased effort when listening in difficult situations, coupled with accounts of fatigue and stress. There are many negative aspects of the patient experience of hearing loss (Bess & Hornsby, 2016; Copithorne, 2006; Noon, 2013; Ross, 1996). Though listening effort has presumably always been a part of the hearing loss experience, it has not necessarily been recognized or acknowledged.
Listening effort is often classified as a subtype of mental effort that is expended in auditory activities (Pichora-Fuller et al., 2016). Mental effort contributes to the larger concept of effort, defined as a conscious exertion of power (Merriam-Webster, 2017).
It is important to define and understand the difference between the listening effort and listening fatigue as the terms can be confusing. Listening effort has been defined as the mental exertion required to attend to and understand an auditory message (McGarrigle et al, 2012). Listening fatigue has been defined as extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion. Auditory fatigue is the mental fatigue resulting from effortful listening (McGarrigle et al, 2014).
This study was designed to determine how listening effort differs among patients with hearing loss, patients with hearing aids and CI compared to normal hearing listeners.