الفهرس 
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Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread and public health crisis with the
most serious consequences that face children. CSA caused serious problems, not
only for the affected persons, but also for society as a whole, and these can no
longer be neglected (Mwaheb, 2016). Children by nature are particularly
vulnerable to all types of abuse because of their temporary helplessness and
dependence on adults and lack of knowledge about danger and self-protection.
Learning about sexual abuse prevention is necessary, but it is not enough to
ensure children’s safety. Prevention and teaching about sexual abuse are the
responsibility of parents and adults (Hitrec, 2015). Schools are commonly a safe
setting for children to learn about child sexual abuse prevention. To prevent child
sexual abuse, it is important to keep the focus on parents’ responsibility, while
teaching children skills to help them protect themselves.
The aim of the study was to examine effect of health education
intervention on sexual abuse awareness and perception among school children
and their parents. A quasi-experimental design with pre and post- test was used.
The study was conducted at primary and preparatory schools from rural
and urban areas at Shebin El-Kom district, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.
A multistage random sample consisted of 300 school children and their parents
were utilized in the study.Study instruments: Data was collected through using the following
instruments:
I. Structured interview questionnaire:
It was developed by the researchers after reviewing the related literature
and included the following:A. Scio -demographic data:
It included student’s sex, age, father’s age, their parent’s education,
parent’s occupation, marital status and socioeconomic status.
B. Past history of exposure to child sexual abuse (CSA):
It included two items and reported by asking every child about the
previous exposure to CSA and the response of item in the form of yes or no.
The second item about who is the perpetrator and the response options as
relative, friend, neighbor, teacher, etc.
II. Awareness of school children and their parents’ about CSA:
A. Parents’ awareness questionnaire about CSA :
It was developed by the researchers after reviewing the literature to assess
parents’ awareness about CSA and included 21 items. Four items about general
knowledge about CSA, 4 items about child sexual abuser, three items about
causes of CSA, four items about signs and symptoms of CSA, six items about
prevention of CSA. The responses of each item in the form of yes, no and don’t
know.
B. Awareness of school children Scale about CSA:
It was developed by Sika-Bright & Nnorom, (2013) and modified by the
researchers to assess awareness of school children about CSA. It included 11
items such as CSA undesirable behavior because child physical and
psychological harm, children may be sexually abused by family friends or family
members, etc. The responses of each item in the form of yes, no and don’t know.
III. Child sexual abuse Myth Scale:
It was developed by Collings, (1997) and modified by the researchers to
assess perception of school children and their parents’ regarding CSA. It included
12 items such as sexual abuse is serious on children; parents should discuss sexwith children, etc. The response of items using Likert scale of three categories
agree, disagree & not sure).
The main results of this study showed that:
About 7.7% of children’s had previous exposure to sexual abuse before,
male students (11.5%) were exposed to CSA more than female students
(3.9%) with statistical significant difference (P=0.01).
At post intervention there was a statistically significant improvement in the
awareness levels of school children and their parents’ about CSA compared
to pre intervention.
At post intervention there was a statistically significant improvement in the
perception levels of school children and their parents’ about CSA compared
to pre intervention.
There was a highly statistically significant difference between the parents’
socio-demographic characteristics and the total score of pre intervention
awareness about sexual abuse.
There was positive significant correlation between total parent awareness
score pre intervention, as well as total parent awareness score post
intervention with total children awareness post intervention.
There was positive significant correlation between total parent perception
pre intervention with total children perception pre intervention, as well as
total children perception post intervention.
The study concluded that:
Child sexual abuse is a significant problem with 7.7 % prevalence
among children from 10-15 years old at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.After three months of intervention, health education program was effective
in increasing awareness and improves perception regarding sexual abuse
for children and their parents.
Recommendations:
The following recommendations are suggested based on the result of this
study:
School based educational programs are urgent needed frequently and
should be implemented for school age children and their parents to
improve their awareness and perception about child sexual abuse.
Enhance awareness of school age children especially male children
through read, audio, visual media and electronic media about causes,
early detection, prevention and management of sexual abuse.
Psychological counseling should be integrated as a part of routine
nursing intervention for child abuse to improve their self-esteem and
body image.
Home based awareness for the family about responsible child sexual
abuser especially friends, as well as increase awareness from sexual
abuse forms including sexual assault, sexual exploitation, sexual
gratification and sexual grooming.
Further studies are needed about sexual abuse causes, associated risk
factors and accurate management.