الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out during two summer seasons (2017 and 2018) at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, to study the impact of inter and intra-planting distance in furrows on maize production. The two maize hybrids [Single Cross 128 (S.C. 128) and Triple Cross 310 (T.C. 310)] yield and its components for three inter-rows spacing (Rw1= 60 cm, Rw2= 70 cm and Rw3= 80 cm) and three intra-rows spacing (S1= 20 cm, S2= 25 cm and S3= 30 cm) were used. Experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) using split-plot in strips, where inter-row spacing allocated in the main horizontally, maize hybrids were arranged in the main vertically and intra-row spacing were occupied the sub-plots.The grains of maize hybrids were sown on 28 and 26 of June in the first and second seasons, respectively. The plots area were 10.5, 12.25 and 14.0 m2 according to different in ridges distance (the plot including 5 rides of 60, 70 and 80 cm apart with 3.5 m length).The results could be summarized as the following:
I- Growth traits:1- Plant height (cm):The plant height had a significantly affected by maize hybrids in the 1st season and by row width and hill spacing in the 2nd season only.The tallest plants were recorded by hybrid T.C. 310 and row width 70 cm in the both seasons as well as by hill spacing 20 cm and 30 cm in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.-The plant height had a significantly affected by HxS and HxRwxS in the 2nd season only.- The tallest plants were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 80 cm), (hybrid T.C. 310 x hill spacing 25 and 30 cm), (Row width 80 cm x 25 cm and 30 cm) and (Hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 80 x 25 cm and 30 cm) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.2- Ear height (cm):
- The ear height exerted a significantly influenced by maize hybrids in the 1st season only.The highest ears height were obtained by T.C. 310 and row width 70 cm in the both seasons, as well as by hill spacing 20 and 30 cm in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively The first order interaction HxRw and HxS exerted a significantly influenced on the ear height in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.The first and second order interaction treatments either (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 80 cm), (hybrid T.C. 310 x hill spacing 20 cm), (row width 70 cm x hill spacing 20 cm) and (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 80 cm x hill spacing 20 cm) in the 1st season, or (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 70 cm), (hybrid T.C. 310 x hill spacing 30 cm), (row width 70 x hill spacing 30 cm) and (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 80 cm x hill spacing 30 cm) in the 2nd season gave the highest mean values for ear height.3- Leaf area index (LAI):-The row width and hill spacing had a highly significant effect on LAI, in the both seasons.- The highest mean values for LAI were stated by hybrid S.C. 128, row width 60 cm and hill spacing 20 cm in the both seasons.- The first order interaction HxRw and RwxS had a highly significantly effect on LAI in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively, and the highest mean value for LAI was achieved by the first order interaction treatment (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 60 cm) in the 1st season, as well as by (Row width 60 cm x hill spacing 20 cm) in the 2nd season.II- Yield attributes and yield traits:1- Ear length (cm):The ear length had significantly affected by row width in the 2nd season only.The longest ears were recorded by hybrid T.C. 310 in the both seasons, as well as row width 70 cm and 80 cm and hill spacing 30 cm and 25 cm in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.The all first and second order interactions had non-significantly influenced on the ear length in the both seasons.The longest ears were detected by (hybrid T.C. 310 x 70 cm or 80 cm), (hybrid T.C. 310 x hill spacing 20 cm), (row width 70 cm x hill spacing 25 cm) and (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 60 cm x hill spacing 20 cm) in the 2nd season.2- Ear diameter (cm):The ear diameter had non-significantly affected by the all main effects in the both seasons.The thickest ears were obtained by hybrid S.C. 128, row width 70 cm and hill spacing 20 cm or 25 cm in the both seasons.The ear diameter had significantly affected by HxS and HxRwxS interactions only in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. The thickest ears were detected by (hybrid S.C. 128 x hill spacing 30 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x any row width x any hill spacing) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.3- Number of rows/ear: The number of rows/ear exerted significantly influenced by maize hybrids and row width in the 1st season only.The highest mean values for number of rows/ear were recorded by hybrid S.C. 128, row width 70 cm and hill spacing 25 cm in the both seasons.The first order interaction HxS exerted a significantly influenced on the number of rows/ear in the 2nd season only.The highest mean values for the number of rows/ear were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 70 cm and 60 cm), (hybrid S.C. 128 x hill spacing 25 cm), (row width 70 cm x hill spacing 25 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 70 cm x hill spacing 25 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 80 cm x hill spacing 25 cm) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.4- Number of grains/row:The row width had a significantly effect on number of grains/row in the 2nd season only. The highest number of grains/row was recorded by row width 70 and 80 cm in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.The first order interaction RwxS declared a significantly effect on the number of grains/row in the 1st season only.- The highest mean values for number of grains/row were stated by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 60 cm and 70 cm), (hybrid T.C. 310 x hill spacing 30 cm and 20 cm), (row width 70 or 80 cm x hill spacing 20 or 25 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 80 cm and hill spacing 30 cm) and (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 80 cm x hill spacing 20 cm) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively 5- Ear weight (g):The ear weight had a significantly affected by row width and hill spacing in the second season only.The maximum values for ear weight were stated by hybrid S.C. 128, row width 70 cm and hill spacing 20 cm or 25 cm in the both seasons.The first order interaction i.e. HxRw in the both seasons and HxRwxS interaction in the 2nd season only had a significantly effect on the ear weight.The heaviest ears were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 70 cm and hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 70 cm), (hybrid S.C. 128 x 30 cm and 25 cm), (row width 70 cm x hill spacing 20 cm and 25 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 70 cm and 80 cm x 25 cm) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.6- Grains weight/ear (g) The row width in the 2nd season only had a significantly effect on the grains weight/ear.The hybrid S.C. 128, row width 70 cm and hill spacing 25 cm gave the maximum mean values for grains weight/ear in the 2nd season only.The second order interaction (HxRwxS) in the 2nd season only exerted a highly significantly influenced on the grains weight/ear.The maximum grains weight/ear values were obtained by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 60 cm and hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 70 cm), (hybrid S.C. 128 x hill spacing 30 cm and 25 cm), (row width 70 cm x 30 cm and 25 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 80 cm x hill spacing 30 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 60 cm x hill spacing 20 cm) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.7- 100-grain weight (g):The maize hybrid and hill spacing in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively, had a significantly effect on the 100-grain weight. The heaviest 100 grain were detected by hybrid S.C. 128, row width 60 cm and 80 cm and hill spacing 30 cm and 20 cm in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.The all first and second order interaction did not show any significant - The highest mean values for 100-grain weight were obtained by the first and second order interaction treatments: (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 60 cm), (hybrid S.C. 128 x hill spacing 30 cm and 25 cm), (row width 60 cm x hill spacing 30 cm and 20 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 80 cm x hill spacing 25 cm and hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 60 cm x hill spacing 30 cm) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.8- Shelling percentage (%):- The shelling percentage had a non-significantly influenced by all the main effects in the both season.The best values for shelling % were obtained by row width 60 cm in the both seasons, also either by hybrid T.C. 310 and hill spacing 30 cm in the 1st season or by hybrid S.C. 128 and hill spacing 20 cm in the 2nd season- The all first and second order interactions did not show any significantly effect on the shelling % in the both seasons.- The highest mean values for the shelling % were recorded by the first order interaction treatments: (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 60 cm), (hybrid S.C. 128 x hill spacing 30 cm), (row width 70 cm x hill spacing 30 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 60 cm x 20 cm or 30 cm) in the 2nd season.9- Grain yield/fed. (ard.):- The maize hybrids and row width had a highly significantly effected on the grain yield/fed. in the first season, as well as hill spacing exerted significantly influenced on this trait in the 2nd seasons.The maximum grain yield/fed. (ard.) were recorded by (hybrid T.C. 310 and hybrid S.C. 128), (row width 60 and 70 cm) and (hill spacing 30 cm in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.The all first and second order interaction did not show any significantly influenced on the grain yield/fed. in the both seasons.< The maximum grain yield/fed. (ard.) were recorded by the first and second order interaction treatments: (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 60 cm), (hybrid T.C. 310 x hill spacing 20 cm), (row width 60 cm x hill spacing 30 cm) and (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 60 cm x hill spacing 30 cm) in the 1st season, as well as by (hybrid T.C. 310 x row width 70 cm), (hybrid S.C. 128 x hill spacing 30 cm), (row width 70 cm x hill spacing 30 cm) and (hybrid S.C. 128 x row width 60 cm x hill spacing 30 cm) in the 2nd season.