الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common and severe diabetic complication that is associated with substantial morbidity, increased mortality and reduced quality of life. It is characterized by progressive loss of sensory, motor and autonomic nerve fibers resulting in clinical manifestations such as reduced sensibility, pain and eventually motor nerve dysfunction that may progress to foot ulcers and limb amputation. The prevalence of DPN is estimated to be about 5% in newly diagnosed patients and greater than 50% in patients with long-standing diabetes. Currently, the main approach of managing the DPN is the administration of pharmaceutical agents. Many of these agents produce several adverse effects; hence, physicians are always seeking for alternatives therapy for such disaster diabetic complication. In that issue, in this study irisin ”a novel myokine” which was proposed to reduce obesity, improve insulin resistance and enhance increases energy expenditure, was tried in ameliorating DPN in an experimental model of T2DM in adult male albino rats. The experimental design of this study involved 40 adult male albino rats that were divided into 4 equal groups: group I (Control group): In this group, the rats were supplemented with the normal chow diet for 8 weeks during which they were injected intraperitoneally (I.P) with 0.5 ml daily of the vehicle sodium citrate buffer solution (50mM, pH 4.5).
group II (Irisin group): In this group, the rats were injected I.P with recombinant irisin (100ng/kg dissolved in 0.5distilled water), daily for 8 weeks; during which the rats were supplemented with the normal chow diet.
group III (Diabetic group): In this group, the rats were subjected to a single I.P injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) solution (35mg/kg BW dissolved in 0.5 ml of the sodium citrate buffer solution) followed by their supplementation with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. group IV (Diabetic/irisin group): In this group, the rats were rendered diabetic as in group III, then they were injected I.P with irisin (100ng/kg) daily for 8 weeks during which the rats were supplemented with the normal chow diet. The following parameters were measured in all groups:
A. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) (an index of developing DPN in rodents).
B. Anthropometric measurements:
1) Body weight.
2) Body length.
3) Body mass index (BMI).
4) Waist circumference.
5) Weighing of the visceral (mesenteric), epididymal, and retroperitoneal pad of fats.
6) Calculation of the adiposity index.
C. Measurement of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the sciatic nerve.
D. Biochemical analysis
1) Serum fasting glucose.
2) Serum fasting insulin.
3) HOMA- IR.
4) HbA1C.
5) Serum TNF-.
6) TBARS in the sciatic nerve tissue.
7) GPX-1 in the sciatic nerve tissue.
8) Gene expression of irisin receptors in the sciatic nerve tissue.
9) Gene expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in the visceral adipose tissue.