الفهرس 
EpidemiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lichen planus is a cell-mediated immune response of unknown
origin. It affects the skin and the squamous epithelium of mucosal
surfaces lining the mouth, ears, eyes, and nose as well as the
gastrointestinal and anogenital tracts. It is characterized by
erythematous–violaceous, polygonal, shiny, non-confluent and
symmetrical papules, on the surface of which are whitish streaks
known as Wickham striae.
Currently, the exact cause of LP remains unclear. Several
hypotheses have been made regarding its etiology, including genetic,
infective, psychogenic and autoimmune factors. Recent studies
provide evidence that autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the
effector cells which cause degeneration and destruction of
keratinocytes
Lichen planus has been described in association with numerous
systemic conditions, including immunologically mediated diseases,
infections and malignancies, also strong association between LP and
chronic hepatic disease has been suggested.
As LP is a chronic inflammatory disease, LP patients may have
increased cardiovascular risk factors in the long term.
Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), which is measured by the
albumin cobalt binding test, is a relatively new biomarker for the
identification of myocardial and skeletal muscle ischemia. It was
described as a marker for diseases related to inflammation.
It is increased in diseases associated with oxidative stress, as
detected using the albumin cobalt-binding test. Oxidative stress plays
an important role in the development of LP.
IMA is also increased in diseases associated with oxidative
stress such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia,
renal disease, pre-eclampsia and polycystic ovary syndrome. It is
important to emphasize that an increase in IMA levels occurs in
hypoxia, acidosis and tissue damage caused by free radicals, the
mechanism of this IMA increase is not fully known. It has been
suggested that active oxygen forms may play a role in the albuminmodification
process.