الفهرس 
Overview about Neonatal Intensive Care UnitsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Intensive care units cater to neonates with severe and life-threatening illnesses, which require constant, close monitoring and support from specialist equipment and medications in order to ensure normal bodily functions. They are staffed by highly trained doctors and nurses who specialize in caring for critically ill neonates (Baker et al, 2010).
Central venous catheterization is the introduction of a catheter into the vascular system with access to the central circulatory system. Central venous catheters (CVC) are indicated for fluid infusion, repletion of water and electrolytes, blood transfusions and draws(Emma et al, 2012).
All catheters can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, but CVCs are known for occasionally causing Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis sepsis. The problem of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) have gained increasing attention in recent years. They cause a great deal of morbidity and deaths, and increase health care costs(Bodenham et al,2011).
Central lines insertion requires both experienced staff and the necessary equipment, it also requires knowledge about thebenefits and risks of potential sites, using full sterile technique, ability to monitor baby during and after CVC insertion and knowledge about managing potential complications. And final a full documentation of procedure and any complications (Aziz, 2011).
Aim of the study
This study aims to assess the performance of the studied nurses regarding neonates with Central Venous Catheters at Neonatal Intensive Care Units.
Research questions:
1-What is the nurses’ knowledge regarding central venous catheters?
2-What is the nurses’ practice regarding central venous catheters?
3-What is the nurses’ attitude regarding central venous catheters?
4-What is the relation between nurses’ knowledge& practice regarding central venous catheters?
Research design:
A descriptiveresearch studywas utilized to conduct the study.
Research settings:
The study was conducted at the NICU ofObstetric & Gynecological Hospital &NICU in Children Hospitalaffiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals, and NICU affiliated to Tanta University Hospitals).
Description of the Settings:
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Obstetric & Gynecological Hospita located in 2nd floor close to labour suite, NICU contains 28 incubator and 9 mechanical ventilators),NICU in Children Hospital located in 1st floor , contain 11 incubators and4 mechanical ventilator),NICU at Tanta University located in 2ndfloor, and NICU contains 26 incubator and 12 mechanical ventilator).
Research subjects:
A purposive sample composed of 60 nurses (30 from NICU at Tanta University, 15 from NICU at Obstetric & Gynecological Hospital and 15 from NICU at Children Hospital), and 60 neonates with the following criteria.aged from 1-28 day and had central venous catheters.
Tools of data collection:
Data were collected through using the following tools:
I: Interviewing Questionnaire Sheet (AppendixI):
It was designed by the researcherrevised by supervisors and written in simple Arabic language based on scientific literature review to gather data in relation to the following parts:
Part I:
It concerned withcharacteristics of he studied nurses` such as age, sex, qualifications, marital status, years of experience.
Part II:
It concerned with nurses’ knowledgeregarding CVCs such as definition, sites of insertion, importance, types, complications.
Scoring system: The total score level for the questionnaire sheet was 19 marks (100%). The correct answer scored one, the incorrect scored zero, the nurses’ knowledge was checked with a model key answer and accordingly their knowledge was categorized into either:
• Scoreof < 85 referred to poor knowledge.
• Scoreof 85<90 referred to average knowledge.
• Score of 90 ≤ 100 referred to good knowledge.
II: Medical Assessment Sheet (medical record):
It concerned withcharacteristics of thestudied neonates such asgender,weight at birth, gestationalage, ranking, diagnosis, length of stay, neonate ventilated, neonate status progress, complications during hospitalization .
III: Observational Check List (Appendix II):
It was adopted from Perry and Potter, (2014) and Noaman et al., (2016), and usedto assess the practice of nursing staffregarding flushing, nursing care before, during, and after insertion of CVCs.
Scoring system:
The donestep was scored one, and the not done was scored zero. These scores were summed-up and converted into a percent score and clasified to:
•Scoreof < 95 referred to incompetent.
•Scoreof 95 ≤ 100 referred to competent.
IV: Modified Likert Type Rating Scale (AppendixIII):This scale was adopted from Sobeh, (1994) and Ahmed, (1998), and used to assess nurses attitude toward neonates with central venous catheter.
Scoring system:
Those nurses who strongly agree had (2) points, agree to have (1) points and disagree had (0) point. Scores were summed-up and classified into:
• Score of 10 < 20 referred to negative.
• Score of 20 ≤ 30 referred to positive.
Results of the study:
The main findings of the study can be summarized as the following:
• Less than half of the studied nurses (41.7%) were from 20 to less than 30 years old. While less than three quarters of them (73.4%) were married.
• Nearly less than half of the studied nurses (41.7%) had Bachelor degree. As regards their years of experience less than three quarters (71.7%) had experienced from five to less than ten years.
• More than two thirds of the studied neonates (68.3%) were females. In relation to gestational age it was found that, more than half of them(58.3%)were from 33 to less than 36 weeks. In relation to diagnosis it was found that, half of them had respiratory distress.
• Less than half the studied nurses (41.7%) had poor knowledge.
• More than half of the studied nurses (53.3%) had incompetent practice.
• Less than half of the studied nurses ( 45%) accepted to apply central venous catheter care.
• positive correlation between nurses’ knowledge in relation to their practice regarding to central venous catheters with statistical significant relation between nurses’ knowledge in relation to their practice about central venous catheters.