الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 108 |  |  |
| | | from | 108 | | |
Abstract
Summary and Conclusion Beta-blockers (BB), also called beta-adrenergic antagonists, is considered one of the most frequently prescribed drugs to treat hypertension, heart rhythm disorders, tachycardia, angina pectoris, or acute myocardial infarction. For first-line treatment for hypertension, atenolol and propranolol have been considered. These drugs require periodic monitoring for adjusting the corresponding dose due to its wide therapeutic range. For these reasons, accurate and sensitive analytical methodologies for quantification of these compounds in pharmaceutical dosage forms were established. It is well known that organic dyes play an important role in the spectrophotometric determination of drugs.The present study entitled “Utility of spectrophotometric procedures to determine some important drugs” comprises three main chapters.Chapter (I)Include the introduction and literature survey which presents brief accounts on the different methods utilized in the determination of atenolol and propranolol.Chapter (II)It includes the experimental part of the thesis. It provides complete description of the equipment and instruments used throughout the work. It also includes the reagents and chemicals used in the present work Chapter (III)It includes the results and discussion. In the present study, four reagents (alizarine, bromokeresol green, bromokeresol purple and alizarine red S) were used for the spectrophotometric determination of atenolol and propranolol drugs. Also, different parameters such as pH, amount of reagent, amount of buffer, and type of extraction solvent were studied. The effects of pH values on absorbance of propranolol with bromokeresol green, bromokeresol purple and alizarine dyes were investigated in the presence of universal buffer solution. The highest absorbance values are 1.88, 0.87 and 0.60 at pH values of ca. 3.6, 3.8 and 3.5 at kmax equals 414, 416, and 420 nm, respectively. The effect of pH of alizarine red s dye on propranolol was studied with HCl solutions where the highest absorption value (0.77) occurred at pH ca. 3.5. The effect of pH of atenolol with bromokeresol green dye was studied in presence of acetate buffer solutions green dye where the highest absorption value (1.005) occurred at pH ca.3.8. Calibration curves of different reagents with drugs proved that the linear range is 1- 9 pg/ml for both of two drugs. Molar ratio and continuous variation methods confirmed that 1:1 propranolol: reagent ion pair was formed whereas 1:2 atenolol: reagent ion pair was formed The effect of the amount of dye on the absorption of propranolol with bromokeresol green, bromokeresol purple, alizarine, alizarine red S was studied. Optimum values were 2, 2, 2.5 and 3 mL, respectively. The effect of the amount of dye on the absorption of atenolol with bromokeresol green was studied where the optimum value was 4 mL.The effect of the amount of extraction solvent on the absorption of propanolol with bromokeresol green, bromokeresol purple, alizarine, alizarine red S was studied. Optimum values were 2, 3, 2, and 3 mL, respectively. The effect of the amount of extraction solvent on the absorption of atenolol with bromokeresol green was studied where the optimum value was 3 mL. The effect of the amount of buffer on the absorption of propanolol with bromokeresol green, bromokeresol purple, alizarine, alizarine red S was studied. Optimum values were 2 mL. The effect of the amount of buffer on the absorption of atenolol with bromokeresol green was studied where the optimum value was 4 mL respectively. The effectiveness of the used method in estimating some drugs containing these active substances in the Egyptian market was