الفهرس 
Diabetes MellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Prolonged hyperglycemia in T2DM patients is the major cause of all micro and macrovascular complications including DN which may develop at a later stage of the disease.
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality and its prevalence has risen worldwide over the past decades. It has been reported to have an increase in macrophage infiltration and overproduction of leukocyte adhesion molecules in the kidneys.
TNF-α is a cell signaling protein related to systemic inflammation, and is one of the cytokines which institutes the acute phase reaction. The primary role of TNF-α is in regulation of immune cells. TNF-α could accelerate the release and synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, and participate in the progression of DN.
The aim of this study was to study the association of TNF-α promotor gene polymorphism and type 2 DN.
This study included 98 subjects: 73 males and 25 females, their ages ranged between 36-65 years. The studied subjects were divided into three groups, group I “control”: included 20 apparently healthy age and gender matched subjects (15 males, 5 females), their age ranged between 36- 65 years; group II “Diabetic without albuminuria”: included 38 patients (28 males and 10 females), their age ranged between 36-63 years, and group III “Diabetic with albuminuria”: included 40 patients (30 males, 10 females), their age ranged between 36- 65 years. All subjects were submitted to the followings: history taking, clinical examination & assessment of anthropometric measurements and