الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate, clinically, the effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement during alleviation of mandibular anterior crowding. The assessed outcomes were the over all leveling and alignment time for both MOP and control groups and the leveling and alignment improvement percentage. Side effects that could be generated from the intervention such as pain perception and root resorption were evaluated.
The sample was recruited from the out patients’ clinic of the Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University. The sample consisted of 26 adult female patients with mandibular anterior crowding quantified with Little’s irregularity index being between 4-10. The patients were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups either control group or MOP group. Two patients in the laser group and three patients in the control group were lost to follow up. The final sample included 11 patients in the study (MOP) group and 10 patients in the control group.
After taking the standard orthodontic records, bands or tubes were placed on mandibular right and left first molars. Mandibular teeth second pre-molar to second pre-molar were bonded with 0.022-inch pre-adjusted edgewise-mini diamond brackets with Roth prescription (Ormco, USA). Orthodontic wires were placed during the MOP procedure appointment for the MOP group and during the bonding appointment for the control group. Leveling and Alignment were initiated with 0.014- Cu-NiTi wire, when 50% of initial crowding was relieved 0.016- Cu-NiTi wire was placed. This wire was changed to 0.016x0.022-NiTi when 80% of the initial alignment was relieved. When alignment was complete 0.017x0.022- Stainless Steel wire was placed. After anesthetizing the lower anterior area, three linear MOPs were performed mesial and distal to each tooth from the lower canine of one side to the other side. Alginate impressions of the lower arch were taken at each visit (every 2 weeks) and labeled. Stone models were scanned using 3-shape R750 scanner and Little’s irregularity index was measured using the ortho-analyzer software. Pain perception was assessed using a VAS and root resorption was assessed using CBCT.
Results showed 47 % reduction in the overall treatment time in the MOPs group when compared to the control group. Leveling and alignment improvement percentage was not statistically significant during the first 2 weeks although clinically significant with higher rates for the MOPs group and after 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 months; MOP group showed statistically significantly higher mean alignment improvement % than control. Results showed no statistically significant differences between control and MOP groups regarding root resorption of the four lower incisors. The MOP group showed statistically significantly higher mean pain (VAS) score than control group only during the first day of the procedure.