الفهرس 
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Molecular Structures of Feed and Molecular Spectroscopy Techniques:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The current work was conducted to:
1) Use molecular spectroscopy (FT/IR-ATR) as a novel technique to characterize protein molecular structure and its processing induced changes in relation to chemical profiles and bioenergy values.
2) Develop CNCPS model to detect protein and carbohydrate sub-fractions and predict protein and carbohydrate degradation and digestion based on protein molecular structure.
3) Detect the association between the processing-induced protein molecular structure changes and dry matter (DM) and protein bio-degradation and intestinal digestion in dairy cows in feedstock (canola oil seeds) and co-products (canola meal or pellets) from bio-oil processing from different crushing plants in Canada and China.
The feed used for this study were various sources of feedstock (canola oil seeds) and co-products (canola meal or canola pellets) from ten different crushing plants in Canada and China with multi-source samples from each crushing plant. Canola samples were grinded and prepared for chemical analysis, molecular spectroscopy, in situ experiment and in vitro work. For in situ work, four lactating Holstein cows were used to investigate dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) rumen degradation.
The protein molecular structure was revealed using advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy (FT/IR-ATR). The predictable protein and carbohydrate degradable sub-fractions and nutrient supply of sub-fractions to dairy cows were evaluated with the updated Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS 6.5). The rumen DM and protein degradation, and rumen un-degraded protein intestinal digestion were examined using in situ, and three step in vitro digestion techniques, respectively. The model variable selection was carried out using SAS with a Stepwise option.
The results indicated that;
1) The possibility to characterize protein molecular structure using FT/IR molecular spectroscopy.
2) Processing induced changes between canola seeds and co-products (canola meal or pellets) in the chemical composition, bioenergy profile, CNCPS protein and carbohydrate sub-fractions and nutrient supply profiles, rumen degradation, rumen un-degraded protein intestinal digestibility and protein molecular structure.
3) Generally, no strong correlation was found between nutrient profiles of oil seeds (canola seeds) and their protein molecular structure. On the other hand, canola meals were strongly correlated with protein molecular structure in the nutrient profiles.
4) Generally, comparisons of oil seeds (canola seeds) and co-products (meal or pellets) in Canada, in China, and between Canada and China indicated the presence of variations among different crusher plants and bio-oil processing products.
5) Multiple regression analyses showed that protein molecular structure can be used to predict chemical composition, bio-energy values (in meal), CNCPS protein and carbohydrate sub-fractions, rumen DM and protein degradation, and intestinal digestibility of rumen un-degraded protein.
6) The co-product canola meal from bio-oil processing is a good source of rumen un-degraded intestinally digestible protein.