الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in photobiomodulation to promote cell proliferation, healing and regeneration. LLLT can prevent cell apoptosis, improve cell migration and adhesion at low-levels of red/near-infrared. Moreover, it has been used to reduce pain, inflammation and to augment repair of different tissues and nerves. Endometrial receptivity is the temporary sequence of factors that make the uterine environment conductive to blastocyst acceptance and implantation, starting from blastocyst attachment to the luminal epithelium and completed by penetration and invasion. Women with persistent thin endometrium were assumed to encounter diminished activity in the regenerative and functional capacity of their endometrium. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of LLLT in 635 nm wavelength to enhance the proliferation and gene expression of in vitro cultured endometrial cells. Materials and methods: A number of 40 endometrial samples were collected from 40 infertile women attending the infertility clinic at the National Research Centre from the period of March 2016 to December 2016. Collected Endometrial samples were processed and cultured. A final of 120 tissue culture plates were studied. Single (SE) versus Multiple Exposures (ME) to LLLT were examined in the study groups and compared to controls. A fluence dose of 4.27 J/cm2 for 16 minutes was given once in the SE or divided in 3 equal sessions in days 2, 4 and 6 of the culture in ME. Cellular response was evaluated by measuring viable cell numbers and surface area. Pattern of MUC , ITGA , ITGB , LIF and PTEN genes expression was assessed using the qRT-PCR. Results: Greater numbers of cells were found in both study groups (P< 0.001 ) as compared to Controls. The surface area of cells at the end of culture phase was highly significant (P< 0.001 ) in ME when compared to SE and Controls. A statistically significant difference in terms of gene expression in both irradiated groups (P< 0.001 ) as compared to controls, although greater difference in PTEN expression was towards ME. Conclusion: The introduction of LLLT to the armamentarium of infertility will serve as a new adjuvant therapy in this field. The current study proofed that LLLT was able to increase the proliferative and functional capacity of cultured endometrial cells.