الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
English Summary The aim of this thesis is to find a simple, accurate and sensitive method for determination of some synthetic dyes in the pure form, pharmaceutical drugs and food samples.The present thesis comprises three chapters. Chapter (1) includes an introduction about the natural and synthesized dyes and their applications in pharmaceutical and food industry. This part contains introduction about acceptable daily intake (ADI), potential health effects on humans, and the classification of organic and inorganic dyes and their types. This chapter also contains introduction about sunset yellow, tartrazine and amaranth dyes and their chemical and physical properties. Also, this part includes the literature survey on the previous studies for determination of sunset yellow, tartrazine and amaranth dyes under investigation by using different methods.Chapter (2) contains the materials, reagents and procedures which used for the preparation of material under investigation in the pure form, food samples and pharmaceutical drugs. This part includes the apparatus and explanation for the spectrophotometric methods which used for determination of material under study. It is also contains the suggest methods which used for the determination the sunset yellow, tartrazine and amaranth in the pure form, pharmaceutical drugs and food samples.Chapter (3) includes the results and discussion which contains three parts. The first part contains the spectrophotometric procedures for determination of sunset yellow dye in pure form, pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. Some experimental variables are studied for determination of the<(Beer’s law). The results showed that the best pH= 7.47, volume of buffer about 4 mL, Triton X-100 as surfactant, 0.25 mL of Triton X-100, no effect of time on dye. Beer’s law is obeyed within the concentration range 0.1 - 60 µg mL-1 for sunset yellow. For more accurate results, Ringbom range is obeyed within the concentration range 5.0 – 20 µg mL-1 for sunset yellow. Molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantitation limits are calculated. In order to determine the accuracy and precision of the suggested methods, solutions containing different concentrations of the studied materials are prepared and analyzed in six replicated. The recovery, the relative standard deviation, the relative error are calculated. The suggested methods can successfully be applied to determine the pure sunset yellow, their pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. The results obtained compared statically by student’s t-test. So the obtained spectrophotometric methods can be applied for determination of the sunset yellow dye in pharmaceutical drugs which found to be 144.38, 643.39 and 347.53 µg mL-1 for Arcalion 200 mg, tri- vitacid tablet and Octomotol 110 mg, respectively. Also it used for determination of the sunset yellow in food samples which found to be 2760.12, 1139.22 and 1379.48 µg mL-1 for Miranda orange kanz, Frutty peach 12 g and Tang orange 25 g, respectively. Standard addition method applied to pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. The obtained data from standard addition method was near of the extracted data from calibration curve of Beer’s law which deduce the validity of method.
The second part contains the spectrophotometric procedures for determination of tartrazine dye in pure form, pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. Some experimental variables are studied for determination of the
(Beer’s law). The results showed that the best pH= 6.54, volume of buffer about 2 mL, Tween 80 as surfactant, 2 mL of Tween 80, no effect of time on dye. Beer’s law is obeyed within the concentration range 2 - 20 µg mL-1 for tartrazine. For more accurate results, Ringbom range is obeyed within the concentration range 5.0 - 19.95 µg mL-1 for tartrazine. Molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantitation limits are calculated. In order to determine the accuracy and precision of the suggested methods, solutions containing different concentrations of the studied materials are prepared and analyzed in six replicated. The recovery, the relative standard deviation, the relative error are calculated. The suggested methods can successfully be applied to determine the pure tartrazine and their pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. The results obtained compared statically by student’s t-test. So the obtained spectrophotometric methods can be applied for determination of the tartrazine dye in pharmaceutical drugs which found to be 83.58 and 90.26
µg mL-1 for Antinal capsule and Oxalepetal 600 mg, respectively. Also it used for determination of the tartrazine in food samples which found to be 397.84,
310.56 and 2260.78 µg mL-1 for Miranda green apple kanz, Mountain Dew and Tang mango, respectively. Also, Standard addition method applied to determine the tartrazine dye in pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. The obtained data from standard addition method was near of the extracted data from calibration curve of Beer’s law which deduce the validity of method.
The third part contains the spectrophotometric procedures for determination of amaranth dye in pure form, pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. Some experimental variables are studied for determination of the sample under study in the pure form such as pH, buffer volume, type of surfactant, the volume of surfactant, time and the concentration of sample (Beer’s law). The results showed that the best pH= 3.64, volume of buffer
about 4 mL, SDS as surfactant, 1.5 mL of SDS, no effect of time on dye. Beer’s law is obeyed within the concentration range 2 - 40 µg mL-1 for amaranth. For more accurate results, Ringbom range is obeyed within the concentration range
5.0 – 12.59 µg mL-1 for amaranth. Molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantitation limits are calculated. In order to determine the accuracy and precision of the suggested methods, solutions containing different concentrations of the studied materials are prepared and analyzed in six replicated. The recovery, the relative standard deviation, the relative error are calculated. The suggested methods can successfully be applied to determine the pure amaranth and their pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. The results obtained compared statically by student’s t-test. So the obtained spectrophotometric methods can be applied for determination of the amaranth dye in pharmaceutical drugs which found to be 6462.72 and 2998.28 µg mL-1 for Visceralgine syrup and Cetafen-N syrup, respectively. Also it used for determination of the amaranth in food samples which found to be 1181.38 µg mL-1for Juhayna red grapes. Also, Standard addition method applied to determine the tartrazine dye in pharmaceutical drugs and food samples. The obtained data from standard addition method was near of the extracted data from calibration curve of Beer’s law which deduce the validity of method.
An Arabic summary is given in addition to the English one and the thesis is ended by the references.