الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of probiotic administration on blood and tissue parameters of male rats with gentamicin induced renal dysfunction.Fifty male white albino rats of 50-60 days old and weighting 150-180 gm were used in this experimental investigation of this study.Rats were obtained from laboratory Animal research Center, faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University. Rats were housed in hygienic metal cages, clean and free drinking water was supplied ad libitum. Rats were kept at constant environmental and nutritional conditions throughout the period of the experiment. Experimental rats were kept two weeks or acclimatization before the beginning of the experiment.Rats were divided into Five equal groups , (10 each) , placed in individual cages classified as follow:•group (1) (control group): Normal non –treated rats , served as control group.•group (2): (Gent group): Rats injected with gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg /kg / daily / B.W for 10 weeks .•group (3): (probiotic group):- Rats injected with gentamicin at a dose 80 mg /kg / daily / B.W for 2 weeks and then rats given probiotic at a dose of 1ml / kg / daily / orally for 8 weeks .•group (4): (Ketosteril group): Rats injected with gentamicin at a dose 80 mg/kg /daily/B.W for 2 weeks and then rats given ketosteril at a dose of 1ml /kg / daily / orally for 8 weeks .•group (5): (Pro + Keto group):- Rats injected with gentamicin at a dose 80 mg / kg / daily / B.W for 2 weeks and then rats given combination of probiotic and ketosteril at a dose of 1ml / kg / daily / orally for 8 weeks .Sampling:(a) Blood samples:Blood samples were collected twice after 6 Weeks and after 10 weeks in clean test tubes. Samples were allowed to coagulate at room temperature for 30 minutes, then centrifuged at 3000 revolutions per minute (r.p.m) for 10 minutes.Clean serum was aspirated carefully by a pasture pipette and transferred into a dry, sterile, and labeled glass vials, and used for Urea , Creatinine , Uric acid , Albumin , Sodium , Potassium.( b) Tissue samples:-Immediately after the rats were scarified and dissected, the two kidneys were isolated, washed with saline and blotted between filter papers. Ahalf from each of the two kidneys was preserved in a deep freezer at -80oC in plastic bags to check cytogentics and PCR analyzes: interleukins-2 (IL-2), (interleukins-6) IL-6, GGT.Blood and tissue samples were used for determination of the following parameters:1. Urea (U).2. Creatinine (Cr).3.Uric acid (U.A).4. Albumin (Alb).5.Sodium (Na+ ).6. Potassium (K+ ).7.Gamma Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT).8.Interlukin 2 (IL2) , Interlukin 6 (IL6).The obtained results Summarized the followings1. Gentamicin injection to rats resulted in a significant elevation in serum urea , creatinine , uric acid and potassium levels. Furthermore, It also showed a significant reduction in serum sodium and albumin levels. And it showed a significant up regulation in IL2,6 and GGT.2. The administration of probiotic or / and ketosteril showed a significant decreased in serum urea , creatinine , uric acid and potassium levels . Moreover they showed a significant elevation in serum albumin and Sodium levels. And they showed a significant down regulation in IL 2,6 and GGT.