الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes is a cluster of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia ensuing from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes is related to permanent injury, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, particularly the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health problem with more than 90% of all cases of type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or gestational diabetes. T2DM is closely linked to the obesity epidemic.
Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion remain the core defects in T2DM, where a normal or elevated insulin level produces an attenuated biological response; Classically this refers to impaired sensitivity to insulin mediated glucose disposal.
Diabetes mellitus and cancer are both chronically and physiologically complex, closely related conditions: They hold similar of modifiable risk factors, including sex, age, obesity, physical activity, diet, alcohol and smoking; they have long latency before they manifest themselves openly. Finally, diabetic cancer patients show a higher mortality rate than cancer patients without diabetes.
Insulin resistance and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia actually happen in most obese people. Hyperinsulinemia, both endogenous (prediabetes, MetS, obesity, type 2 diabetes before insulin depletion and polycystic ovary syndrome) and exogenous (insulin-treated diabetic patients), is associated with an increased cancer risk. In addition, an increased cancer mortality in patients exposed to hyperinsulinemia has been shown.
High percentage mammographic breast density (PMD) is an important risk factor for breast cancer (BC). It reflects the composition of breast tissue: dense fibro glandular breast tissue appears light (radiopaque) on mammograms, while fat tissue seems darkish (non dense). Ladies with a high PMD (75% or more) have a four- to six fold more risk of breast cancer in comparison with women with a low PMD.