الفهرس 
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Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections are major public health problem worldwide particularly in the developing countries and constituting the greatest cause of illness and disease. Among of these, intestinal parasitic infections are the most prevalent in man. The most common intestinal protozoa are Entamoeba histolytica/ dispar, Giardia lamblia, Dientamoeba fragilis and Blastocystis hominis. The prevalence rate of gastrointestinal protozoa varies from one area to another depending on the degree of personal and community hygiene, sanitation, climatic factors, water resources, waste disposal and demographic locality.
The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate MIF technique and MIF followed by trichrome and Giemsa stain for detection of intestinal protozoa in two rural areas.
It was a descriptive study carried out in two rural areas, the first one in Borg Elarab and the second in Housh Eissa, from April to August 2017, One hundred participants from each area aged from 6 to 60 years of both sex were included, they were 52 males and 48 females in Borg Elarab and 48 males and 52 females in Housh Eissa and farming is the major source of activity in these areas.
The study areas were visited on two consecutive days every week for stool collection. The age and sex of participants were recorded and the containers were returned to parasitology laboratory of the Medical Research Institute. Fresh stool samples (one gram) were preserved in a plastic bottle containing 3 ml freshly prepared Merthiolate iodine formaldehyde (MIF) preservative solution to be examined microscopically by wet mount. Then all stool samples were stained by trichrome and Giemsa stain for the detection of trophozoites and cysts of protozoa.
All the data were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS software package version 20.
These method revealed the following results:
In Borg El Arab, 28% of the subjects were aged from 6 to less than 11 years, 38% were aged from 11 to less than 21 years, 28 % were aged from 21 to less than 41 years and 6% were aged from 41 to 60 years. While in Housh Eissa, 32% of the participants were aged from 6 to less than 11years, 19% were aged from 11 to less than 21, 25 % were aged from 21 to less than 41 years and 24% were aged from 41 to 60 years. Male and female were 52% and 48% in Borg El Arab and were 48% and 52% in Housh Eissa respectively.
The percentage of infection was 69% in samples from Borg El Arab and only 35% in samples from Housh Eissa by MIF wet mount. Blastocystis hominis was the most prevalent infection in both areas. Its percentage was 65% in Borg El Arab and 30% in Housh Eissa. Dientamoeba fragilis was detected in 11% in Borg El Arab compared to zero % in Housh Eissa where as 6% and 4% had E. coli and Giardia lamblia in Borg El Arab compared to 4% and 3% in Housh Eissa respectively. Only 4% had E. Histolytica/ dispar in Borg El Arab and no one had the infection in Housh Eissa.
Summary
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The percentage of infection was 72% and 35% in Borg El Arab and in Housh Eissa respectively by trichrome stain. Infection with Blastocystis hominis showed the highest percentages in Borg El Arab and Housh Eissa (69% and 31% respectively). Twelve percent of subjects had Dientamoeba fragilis in Borg El Arab, and no one had the infection in Housh Eissa, The similar picture was detected in infection with Entamoeba histolytica/ dispar where 2% had the infection in Borg El Arab, while none of the subjects had this infection in Housh Eissa. The percentage of infection by E. coli and Giardia lamblia, were more or less equal in the subjects from both areas.
The total percentage of infection in Borg El Arab was 67% and in Housh Eissa was 36% by using Giemsa stain. Also, 65% had Blastocystis hominis infection in Borg El Arab, while 32% only had the infection in Housh Eissa, 8% had Dientamoeba fragilis in Borg El Arab and no one had the infection in Housh Eissa. The percentages of infection with E. coli, Giardia lamblia and E. histolytica/ dispar were (3%, 2%, 2%) among the samples from Borg El Arab comparing to (4%, 3%, 0%) in Housh Eissa respectively.
Infection with single parasite was the highest in both areas. (56% in Borg El-Arab and 36% in Housh Eissa), followed by double infection (14% in Borg El-Arab and 3% in Housh Eissa).Then triple infection (5% in Borg El- Arab and zero % in Housh Eissa ). At the same time these percentages were significantly higher in Borg EL Arab than in Housh Eissa.
In Borg El Arab the highest percentage of infection was observed in the age group from 11 to less than 21 years (38.7%) followed by age group from 6 to less than 11 years (29.3%) then age group from 21 to less than 41 years (26.7%). Lower percentage of infection was noticed in age group more or equal to 41 years (5.3%). While in Housh Eissa, higher percentage of infection was found in age group from 6 to less than 11 years (30.8 %) followed by age groups from 21 to less than 41 years, the age group from 41 to 60 years then age group from 11 to less than 21 years. The percentages were 28.2%, 23.1% and 17.9 % respectively. In respect to sex, the percentage of infection was nearly equal among male and female in Borg EL Arab (49.3% and 50.7 % respectively), while in Housh Eissa, 64.1% of females and only 35.9% of males had the infection.
Perfect agreement was observed between MIF wet mount and Trichrome stain methods, also between Giemsa stain and MIF wet mount and also between Giemsa and Trichrome staining techniques.