الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate some of proliferative skin affections in equine in Dakahlia and Gharbeya governorates concerning their incidence, diagnosis and possible methods of treatment.
The current study was carried out from June 2016 to September 2018, on a number of 267 working equine equines in (Dakahlia and Gharbeya governorates). They were diagnosed to be affected with different neoplastic and non-neoplastic proliferative skin affections including (sarcoid, melanoma, pythiosis and hyper-granulation tissue). The clinical signs of affected equines in this study were presence of proliferative granulomatous affection on skin of affected animal with sever itching, equines are commonly biting the affections some of affections had serous exudate while other had bloody exudate with ulcerated surface.
Primary diagnosis was reliant on the clinical features of the affections and their characteristic morphology while the more accurate diagnosis achieved by histopathological examination of the surgically removed affections. In this study the microscopic picture of sarcoid was rete ridge and picket fence formation of different types of sarcoid using in H&E and trichrome stain in addition to Immunohistochemistry.
In the current study, the animal’s affections were classified into neoplastic and non-neoplastic affections, neoplastic affections were recorded in 148 equines (145 sarcoid, 3 cases of melanoma) sarcoid was recorded in 52 horses, 92 donkeys and only one mule, while melanoma was represented in 3 grey horses.
Sarcoid
sixty three (63) affections were recorded in head region, 44 affections in fore limbs, while in hind limbs 24 affections , other places as (belly, back and perineal region) was about 18 affections
Different types of sarcoid were recorded they were diagnosed based on their clinical features and histopathological examination
All clinical types of sarcoid were recorded in this study in variable ratio with fibroblastic type which exhibited in large proportion (71%) followed by the mixed type (13.8%). The nodular (4.9%), verrucous (5.4%) and occult type were also recorded in proportions (4.9%) respectively.
Diagnosis of sarcoid is usually depends on the clinical appearance and or histopathological examination of biopsy specimens.
In this study the diagnosis of fibroblastic, verrucous and mixed type of sarcoid based mainly on the presence of epidermal hyperplasia with rete ridge formation which considered the characteristic pathognomonic affections fibroblastic sarcoid
The histopathological examination reveals pick fence formation with rete ridge formation.
Sarcoid had different methods of treatment depending on their types and location where Surgical removal was applied on 145 equines includes 120 equines were treated by surgical removal only while in 20 equines’ cryotherapy using LN2 was applied after tumor removal in case of some fibroblastic type.
Chemotherapy using cisplatin was applied after surgical excision in 5 affected equines.
Total numbers of cured equines that had different treatment were about 108.
Total number of equines that was cured after surgical removal only 87 cases. Recurrence was occurred in 33 cases after surgical removal with massive increase in size compared to its original size.
Treatment of fibroblastic sarcoid by Cryotherapy using LN2 was applied on 20 equines after surgical removal of affection, 18 equines were cured after treated by cryotherapy while recurrence occurred in 2 cases.
Treatment by Chemotherapy using cisplatin injection at site of lesion was applied on 5 equines after the affection was removed, 3 equines were cured. Recurrence was recorded in 2 cases.
Melanoma
Melanoma was recorded in 3 grey horses, the lesion left without treatment to prevent further expansion of affections no biopsy was taken in melanoma for same reason,
The non-neoplastic affections included pythiosis and hyper-granulation tissue.
Pythiosis
In this study pythiosis was recorded in 17 equines in different ages and sex with different size granulomatous affections discharging exudate core like.
All affected equines admitted between (May and September 2016-2018) (summer months) during the rice planting season. All horses were working in rice paddies. where the causative agent are found enormously in this stagnant water and therefore during these months all conditions required by causative agent (P.Insidiosum) to maintain its normal life cycle and reproduction was present like high temperature, aquatic environment and organic substance like moist and decaying vegetation.
Diagnosis was primarily confirmed by the clinical picture of affection which was characteristic with the presence of kunkers, in addition to histopathological examination. All affected equines had treatment plan as following: surgical excision of affection followed by application of topical antifungal was used after affection removal.
Twelve affections of ECP. were located at ventral abdomen as the most part came in contact with stagnant water during drafting in rice field, two affections were located at fore limb, one affection was located at hind limb while 2 affections were located at head region at lower eye.
The treatment plan was the surgical removal of lesion followed by application of local antifungal for 2 weeks.
The end result was good as 14 had full recovery some of them required more than one removal while recurrence occurred in 2 cases with only one case died. The surgical interference resulted in higher success rate over 80 % due to good surgical removal either after one surgical removal or more than one surgical removal.
As radical surgery including amputation is commonly used and proved to be an effective treatment for this infection.
Recurrence occurred in 2 cases that had no respond to treatment, while one case was died from multiple spread of affection as it appears in udder.
Hyper-granulation Tissue
In this study hyper-granulation are more common in working Equine as their limbs are more subjected to traumatic wounds during their working where these wounds fails to heals forming the hyper-granulation tissue as the healing mostly undergo by second intention which may be Vulnerable to infection that may leads to hyper-granulation tissue
which was recorded in 102 equines, 79 horses and 23 donkeys (37 males and 65 females), 87 affections were located at hind limbs while only 15 cases were located in fore limb, all affected equines represented with old wound fails to heals with granulomatous round mass at site of wound increasing in size, where 45 affections from selected equines had a treatment plan it was either surgically removed while other applied honey on affection after it was excised, recurrence rate are definitely high 40 %.