الفهرس 
Chapter (1) IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The archaeological sites world-wide are remains left behind any nation hundreds or thousands of years ago to reveal part of the ancient history that we did not live. In all cases, these remains with what they include of inscriptions, paints …etc are of value for documentation of the history of a given nation and/or tourism. Most the archaeological sites had been built from sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone rocks that are naturally weak against weathering processes leading to unlimited ranges of deterioration and demolishing partly or totally rock’s paints, inscriptions then they must be subjected to conservation.
This research aims to examine the efficacy of three resins in their single and mix states as consolidating material for nummulitic limestone. These resins are namely; Ethyl Silicate, Primal-AC33, and Paraloid-B82.They are variables as well as their solvents and concentration of preparation.To achieve the aims of the current thesis, limestone samples have been collected and they have been prepared in equal size and uniform shape The samples have been coded with 1, 2, 3… ,14 and one sample coded with the letter R (untreated sample). Petrographic,mineralogical, geotechnical properties, and durability investigations have been conducted for this limestone before treatment with these resins. The treatment with these resins has been conducted through two regimes namely; repeated brushing, and total impregnation within each resin at each level of concentration. Water immersion is used to determine petrophysical proparties limits ,( MIP technique) is used to determine pore size distribution and SSI index,( ultrasonic technique) is used to determine resin’s penetration depth and the artificial weathering by anhydrous sodium sulphat for numerical presentation of rock’s durability to weathering before and after consolidation with each resin. Samples’ surface color, penetration depth of the resin, rock’s geotechnical and durability properties limits are the main basis of examining these resins.
The net result indicates that the paraloid resin (15gm of paraloid B-82 in 300ml acetone) that has been used for treating the samples code ”3” and ”4” by immersion and brushing verified a greatest penetration depth by 4.651mm and 4.978mm respectively compared with the othere treated samples. The sample code ”4” is better in petrophysical proparties limits with low percentage of water absorption compared with the sample code ”3”. All that compared with the untreated sample. The two samples ”3 and4” are with high durability where they have SSI value of 4.51 and 4.32 respectively (S.P.~ S.R.) with durability class ”A” and a lowest weight loss of 1.12% and 1.04% compared with the other treated samples. In this case the greatest resin’s penetration depth , the lowest weight loss and the great decrease in pore radii of this sample make the resin which treated these samples ”3 and 4” the best one for treatment.
The mixed resins (150ml ethyl silicate in 100ml ethyl alcoholmixed with 15gm B-82 in 300ml acetone) which has treated the samples code ”13” by immersion verified a greatest penetration depth by 3.997mm( less than that of the samples ”3 and 4 ”) compared with the other treated samples. This sample verified a noticeable progress in its petrophysical proparties limits and is of very low percentage of water absorption compared with the untreated sample and the other treated sampels. Also the sample is moderately durable where it has SSI 9.49 (S.P.) with durability class ”A” and it has a lowest weight loss by 1.27% (rather than code ”3 and 4”) compared with the other treated samples. These results make the resin which treated this sample is accepted and come after the treated sample code ”3 and 4 ”.The mixed resin (150ml ethyl silicate in 100ml ethyl alcohol mixed with15gm B-82 in300ml toluene) which has treated the samples code ”14” by immersion verified the greatest penetration depth by 3.957mm (less than that of the samples ”13 , 3 and 4) compared with the other treated samples. This sample also verified noticeable progress in petrophysical proparties limits and of very low percentage of water absorption compared with the untreated sample and the other treated sampels. Also this sample of moderate durability where it has SSI 10.99 (S.P.) with durability class ”A” and it has the lowest weight loss by 1.43 (rather than that the samples code ”13 , 3 and 4”) compared with the other treated samples. Also the difference in results between the sample code ”13 and 14 ” may be as a result of the difference in solvent used with B-82. These results make the resin which treated this sample is accepted and come after the treated sample code ”13 ,3 and 4 ”.