الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hypospadias is a malformation of male urethra that occurs in approximately 1 to 250 to 1 to300 total live births. Hypospadias is a common genitourinary anomaly affecting male neonates as a result of abnormal urethral closure at around 8 to 14 weeks after conception.
Causes of hypospadias may be environmental factor, endocrine factors and genetic factor.
Hypospadias classified into glanular, coronal, distal penile, proximal penile, penoscrotal, scrotal and perineal.The anatomy of the hypospadiac penis is similar to the normal penis except on the ventral aspect where the abortive foreskin and arrested urethra and urethral spongiosum are deficient Surgical repair is the only possible means of treatment for hypospadias. Optimal age for hypospadias repair is between 8 and 12 months of age. At that stage, the size of the penis is almost equivalent to that of a 3 year old child, and the trophic conditions of the skin allow a high degree of safety during operation.types of procedures have been described for the repair of this anomaly. The Snodgrass technique is a widely accepted method for hypospadias repair. Tubularzed incised plate urethroplasty has become the most popular technique for repairing distal hypospadiaus. ”Snodgraft” modification using an inner preputial free graft has been described as an effective method for hypospadias repair with the main advantage of reducing the risk of meatal/neourethral stenosis.In our study we evaluate snodgraft technique in treatment of primary distal hypospadias with narrow urethral plate using inner preputial graft.
The study included 30 male infant and child patients with age group ranging from one to six years old.
All patients will be operated for the first time by using TIP urethroplasty using snodgraft technique for repair of distal penile hypospadias.