الفهرس 
Chronic kidney Disease in ChildrenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease, also known as chronic renal failure, chronic renal disease, or chronic kidney failure, is much more widespread than people realize; it often goes undetected and undiagnosed until the disease is well advanced.It is not unusual for people to realize they have chronic kidney failure only when their kidney function is down to 25 percent of normal (Eknoyan et al., 2004).
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as the phase when the patient’s renal dysfunction has progressed to the point at which homeostasis and ultimately survival cannot be sustained with native renal function, and either dialysis or renal transplantation is required (Vogt and Avner, 2007).
The digestive pathologies are frequent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is a clear underreporting of the disease, resulting in the lack of knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to a wide range of symptoms, from nausea to Anorexia, and disturbances in the balance of sodium and potassium, contributing to a final state of malnutrition. However, it is estimated that about 80% of patients present some type of symptom in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) during the course of their disease (Cano et al., 2007).
Helicobacter pylori is a highly successful bacterial pathogen that persistently colonizes the mucosa of the human stomach (Covacci et al.,
1999) & ( Ernst and Gold, 2000).
H. pylori infection is crucial in many gastrointestinal conditions not only in individuals with normal renal function, but also in CKD patients receiving chronic dialysis, CAPD, and kidney transplant (Sezer et al.,
2004).
The bacterium has been recognized as the causative agent of chronic gastric inflammation, which can progress to a variety of other
gastroduodenal diseases, such as peptic ulcers, mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, or even gastric cancers (Blaser and Atherton ,2004) & (Gatti et al., 2006).
The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of H.Pylori infection in patients with chronic kidney disease on regular hemodialysis.
This study was conducted on 40 patients suffering from CKD 30 of them on regular hemodialysis (group A) and 10 of them on conservative treatment(group B) , in addition to 20 apparently healthy children as a control group(group C).
Patients were recruited from patients attending Benha university nephrology and dialysis unit.
An informed consent was obtained from each individual before being enrolled in the study. All studied individuals were subjected to complete history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, Stool Antigen Test and Pepsinogen 2 were done in all cases.
Results of the current work showed that there’s increase in the incidence of helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic kidney disease on regular hemodialysis in comparism with chronic kidney disease patients on conservative treatment and healthy children.
Results of the current study showed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between longer dialysis duration and H.pylori infection.
Results of the current study showed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between GIT manifestation’s and H.pylori infection.
Results of the current study showed that there is positive correlation between H.pylori antigen in stool and pepsinogen II regarding H.pylori infection.