الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Monitoring in ICU plays an important role in early detection and
management of any complications that may occur to patients.
Neuromonitoring allows assessment of multiple aspects of cerebral
physiology, early detection of abnormalities and assessment of response
to treatment, and can be used to guide individualized treatment strategies
to minimize the risk of secondary hypoxic/ischaemic injury.
Monitoring of patients with critical neurologic illness has expanded
significantly over the past several decades. Prior to the advent and
application of technologies such as continuous EEG
(electroencephalogram), intracranial pressure monitoring, brain tissue
oxygenation and multimodal monitoring, the care of these critically ill
patients relied on frequent clinical examinations to detect subtle changes
that may signal an acute neurologic deterioration. This type of monitoring
was limited by the availability of highly trained clinicians and nursing
staff. The severity of the patient‟s illness can also obscure clinical
changes, and then the interventions taken in order to treat the illness, such
as induced coma for status epilepticus or intracranial hypertension, could
further mask the clinical signs that would be necessary for detection of an
acute change. As the field of neuromonitoring advances, there is
mounting evidence to show that we can predict subtle changes that will
allow for timely intervention and treatment that can prevent deterioration
and secondary injury in the critically ill patient, early and effective
hemodynamic management including fluid therapy and administration of
vasoactive drugs to maintain vital organ perfusion and oxygen delivery is
mandatory. Understanding the different approaches in the management of critically ill patients during the resuscitation and further management is
essential to initiate adequate context- and time-specific interventions.
Monitoring plays an important role in the current management of
patients with acute respiratory failure. However, unlike monitoring of
other organs and functions, monitoring of respiratory function in the
critically ill sometimes lacks definition regarding which ’signals’ and
’derived variables’ should be prioritized as well as specifics related to
timing Maintenance of normal body temperature is critical in the
intensive care setting and should be regularly monitored. While
assessment of core temperature is ideal, there are other sites that can be
used in critically ill patients, and understanding the limitations of any
device and the site monitored is essential for clinical decision making
Monitoring of the nutritional and metabolical care is part of the
management of the ICU patient. The use of a computer-based monitoring
system of nutrients delivery.