الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The oral microbiome is associated with the development of oral diseases such as dental caries. Samples were obtained from 19 adult patients who visited Suez Canal University Dental Hospital for the endodontic treatment of primary endodontic infections (untreated root) were recruited as study subjects. A total of 1858 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 97% similarity were assigned to 26 phyla, 245 families and 705 genera resulting from 1313300 unique sequences. Four main phyla Firmicutes (40.7%), Bacteroidetes (34.7%), Proteobacteria (6.1%) and Synergistetes (3.9%) were predominant in all samples. At the genus level, Prevotella (17.2%), Bacillus (17%), Porphromonas (5%), Streptococcus (3.6%) and Bacteriodes (3.3%) were the most abundant. when samples were divided into three groups according to 16S rRNA dendrogram, there was a significant difference for Bacillus, Streptococcus, Bacteriodes, Veillonella, Staphylococcus, Candidatus Tammella, Fusobacterium,Leptotrichia, Filifactor, Dilaster, Alkaliphilus, and Treponema genera. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between Male and Female groups for Prevotella (p = 0.01) and Bacteroides (p = 0.005) genera. Furthermore, no significant difference was detected between different age groups.
This study investigated bacterial diversity in primary endodontic infections through taxonomic classification of 16S rRNA gene by Illumine Miseq sequencing platform. Since that the etiology and pathogenesis of apical periodontitis have not been finally elucidated, additional researches should be conducted in this field. Therefore, the recognition of community profiles involved in endodontic disease with periapical lesion may represent an important step toward a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and establishment of more effective therapeutic protocols. Furthermore, the relative abundance of unclassified sequences at different taxonomic levels can be determined. This phylogenetic diversity may be required in understanding of host-microbiome relationship in functional terms.
In conclusion, this study revealed that microbiota of endodontic infection with periapical lesions had high polymicrobial communities. To fully understand the etiology of endodontic disease, a further and deeper host-microbiome analyses should be performed. Since that the results of our community largely varied from case to case, therefore this suggests that this disease is characterized by multispecies bacterial communities which has a heterogeneous etiology. The results of the Illumina Miseq sequencing have showed that the root canal can harbor a highly diverse microbiome.