الفهرس 
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Abstract
This an observational study was done on 51 children aged 29 days to14 years hospitalized at PICU (Pediatric Intensive Care Unit), Beni -suef University hospital.
The included patients were subjected to demographic data, daily serum creatinine level and daily estimated creatinine clearance by Schwartz formula. AKI was grouped according to pRIFLE formula.
. AKI was defined according to the modifed pediatric RIFLE (pRIFLE) and graded into “pRIFLE-R”(risk for reduced kidney function) ,“pRIFLE-I”(injury of kidney function), “pRIFLE-F (failure of kidney)”, “pRIFLE-L”(loss of kidney function), and “pRIFLE-E” (End Stage Renal Disease).
pRIFLE grading uses Estimated glomurlar filtration rate (eGFR) to assess renal function based on Schwartz’ formula’s (0.55 x height (cm) / serum creatinine (mg/dL) in mL/minute/1.73 m 2) .
Baseline of normal (eGF) used in this study was 100 mL/min/1.73 m^2.
Daily recording of serum creatinine ,Urine out put (U.O.P) and Estimated glomurlar filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated according to Schwartz formula (k x height (cm)/serum creatinine (mg/dL) in mL/minute/1.73m2).
- The incidence of AKI in our patients at time of admission was 9.8% (5patients) that increased to 37.2% (19patients) during admission period. The maximal RIFLE score found during the patients stay was 42 % Risk (R), 21.2 % Injury (I) and 36.8% Faliure (F)
- sex was not a risk for developing AKI where RR in male was 1.2 time that in female with p=0.3.
- As regard nephrotoxic drugs exposure was the most common risk factor in our study group (82.4% of total study population, 42.8% of them developed AKI) and 95% of AKI patients. The relative risk to develop AKI in patients exposed to nephrotoxic drugs was 1.5 times that in the non exposed patients (p=.02). this exposure was inevitable in most of patients due to the rise of multidrug resistant bacterial strains that necessitated giving combination therapy including at least one nephrotoxic medication
- There was significant association between time of stay, both in the ICU or hospital, and AKI, proving a poorer prognosis predictor in critically ill patients.
- Regarding the mortality rates, it was found that mortality increased in parallel with the AKI severity groups.