الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this work, the problem of multi-pumping Raman amplifiers has been investigated to study the relation between the number of optical amplifiers, gain and the flatness of the gain and also we discuss the relation between the parametric optical amplifiers and the bandwidth over a wide range of optical signal wavelengths for long haul ultra-wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW- WDM) transmission systems due to multi-pumping wavelengths and pumping power to modified the flatness of the gain and obtained a large and broadened bandwidth We processed: the gain coefficient, the gain coefficient per watt and the differential.
Also due to the benefits of parametric amplifier for Long-Haul UW-WDM Optical Communications Systems we have investigated the effects of many parameters on the gain and bandwidth of Raman amplifier such as: pumping wavelength, attenuation, power, and phase mismatch coefficient, length of fiber and the number and gamma.
Fiber parametric amplifiers in ultra wideband wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) systems have recently received much more attention because of their greatly extended bandwidth and distributed amplification with the installed fiber as gain medium. It has been shown that the bandwidth of the amplifier can be further increased and gain spectrum can be tailored by using pumping with multiple wavelengths. In this work, the distributed multi-pumping Raman amplifier has been studied and analyzed algorithms of amplifier to obtain the gain of maximum flatness and bandwidth for different models to achieve simultaneously:
1- Wide BW that is used in modern communication systems which use UW- WDM.
2- Maximum repeater spacing.
3- Provide broadband and high gain in high speed long-haul wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission.
The model equations are numerically handled and processed via a specially cast software. The gain is computed over the spectral optical wavelengths (1.35μm ≤ λ signal ≤ 1.75μm).It is found that if the number of optical amplifiers increases, the bandwidth increases, but flatness depends on the position of each amplifier corresponding to the others. The parameters affecting the amplifier gain are: pumping wavelength, attenuation, pumping power, phase mismatch coefficient, length of fiber and the number and gamma. Finally, the differential gain, total gain coefficient and gain per watt for the different cases are also studied. Also we study simulation results for new wavelengths ranges and comparison with the same sequences.