الفهرس 
Chapter one: The research introduction and significance of studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Under calls of green design and sustainability, and coinciding with cities’ current problems, such as: population increase, fuel reduction and pedestrian crashes, many governments have sought to adopt pedestrian-friendly approaches in their development strategies. In this regard, the research studies sidewalks as a space of pedestrian movement and social life in Egypt. It basically focuses on studying the pedestrians’ movement over sidewalks, which is affected by many factors such as: user types, time, date, obstacles, uses, and planning ordinances and regulations. The study has been conducted in Cairo, as it is ranked among the ten most dense mega cities in the world and the biggest city in Africa.
By conducting an exploratory case study, El-Nasr Street at EL-Basateen, the study has been focused to concentrate on both pedestrian movement and sidewalk design, and the factors that influence pedestrian movement. As the official data of pedestrians are limited and difficult to access, the research problem was how to examine the influence of some factors on pedestrian movement, and how these factors cause higher densities and traffic congestions in the street. Thus, the main research question was what is the most suitable method to study sidewalks and pedestrian movement, especially, at Cairo City? The researcher assumes that, among many factors, three major factors influence pedestrian movement over sidewalks: 1) obstacles, 2) planning regulations, and 3) distribution of uses, and the main objective of the study was to model and simulate pedestrian movement and to test the influence of the three factors with the same model. Accordingly, the methodology of the study has been divided into four phases that start with the problem definition and end to propose a simulation model to be experimented.
By conducting several video-based surveys on El-Nasr Street, which have been selected as the main case-study, and using Artisoc-3.5, based on several assumptions, the researcher could develop the Actual Movement Model (AMM). In this model, many data have been collected and mapped, and some variables have been measured, such as: pedestrian densities, trips’ overall walking speed, and pedestrians’ trajectories. By analyzing these measurements, the researcher could determine the major influencing factors on pedestrian movement. Also, the accuracy degree of the AMM model has been checked by comparing the recorded videos with the simulation considering modeling assumptions and it has recorded, almost, 67% accuracy rate comparing to reality.
With additional specific assumptions for each case, three simulation experiments have been conducted by developing three additional models, in which three influencing factors have been examined, these models are: The Obstacles’ Influence Model (OIM), The Regulations’ Influence Model (RIM), and The Uses’ Influence Model (UIM).
It could be said that, the main finding of this work was that the simulation experiments showed an emerged influence of the physical design configuration of the studied case, as all models recorded better walking speed and timing rates in all trips. The types and distribution of obstacles recorded better results in route choice and confusion points existing. The results of OIM recorded that the walking speed could be 7 to 10 percent faster in each trip, and up to 15% of the trip time can be saved as well. Also, the model decreased the number of confusion points, to be less than 25% of what recorded by AMM model.
In the UIM, the distribution of uses showed a remarked influence on pedestrian densities values and distribution, as the average overall density of pedestrians recorded 35% less than the average overall density of what AMM recorded. Also, this model recorded a standard deviation value 30% of what recorded in the AMM model.