الفهرس 
Anatomy of Lower limb veinsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
aricose veins are a very common problem all over the world. Surgery has been the gold standard treatment for many years, however now other less invasive options are available and sometimes more efficient like EVLA and foam sclerotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of foam injection slerotherapy in the treatment of primary lower limb varicose veins. In this study twenty patients presented with lower limb superficial venous insufficiency due to SFJ incompetence and reflux along GSV were treated with foam injection sclerotherapy using polidocanol 3% ;80% of them were females and 20% were males . The family history of varicose veins was positive in 45%, The BMI ranged from 26 to 29 , the left side was affected 55% and the right side in 45% of them, 90% of them complained of limb pain with duration ranging from 12 months to 6 years, 50% of them wereC3, 45% were C4a, and 5% were C2. Spinal anaethesia used in all cases .Polidocanol 3% was the sclerosing material in all of our cases. Saphenous vein ligation and disconnection (2-3cm) distal to the sapenofemoral junction was done for all patients. Injecting the foam in the GSV was done via a catheter preceded by multiple phlebectomies. All patients experienced symptom relief after the procedure with decrease in both the venous clinical severity score and Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire. Duplex examination was done for all patients before the procedure and at regular follow up visits which showed obliteration of the ablated vein with no flow on it except only one case who developed a minimal reflux at a lower part of the GSV by 12th month follow up . Duplex showed also progressive decrease in the diameter of the treated vein till being obliterated. The follow up visits were within the first month, at 3 month, at 6 months and 12 months. No major complications were recorded but only minor complications as STP in three cases (15%), ecchymosis in four cases (20%),pigmentation in two cases (10%) and groin oedema in one case (5%). All patients returned to their normal activity rapidly. During follow up visits no recurrence was detected clinically and GSV was totally occluded at 85% of cases, partially occluded without reflux at 10% of cases and partially occluded with reflux at only 5% of cases. 90% of patients were satisfied with the procedure with relief of their presenting symptoms.