الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in women that is characterized by hyperandrogenism (that is, evidence of excess male hormone or androgen effect; for example, clinically, such as hirsutism, and/or biochemically, such as hyperandrogenaemia or excess levels of androgen), ovulatory dysfunction (including menstrual dysfunction) and polycystic ovarian morphology. Women with PCOS have an increased risk for metabolic abnormalities and T2DM, infertility, obstetrical complications, endometrial cancer and mood disorders. These women also probably have an increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, venous thromboembolism and ovarian cancer (Azziz et al., 2016). The pathophysiology and intrinsic mechanisms underlying PCOS are complex because aetiologies vary and the different features are considerably intertwined: (1) Insulin resistance, (2) Gonadotropic derangements leads to increase LH secretion, (3) Hyperandrogenism, (4) Impaired cortisol metabolism, (5) chronic inflammation, (6) Oxidative stress.
This study is a trial to explore the pathophysiology and mechanisms involved in PCOS induced by letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) in rats. In our study we used different known antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs (melatonin, L-arginine, hemin, NaHS, vitamin C, omega-3 and dexamethasone) to evaluate their role in prevention of PCOS.
The present study was conducted on 84 adult female rats weighing 100-150 gram. The age of these rats was about 8 weeks. Rats were left to acclimatize to the lab environment for one week before the start of the experiments. Rats were randomly classified into the following groups:
A-Control (C) groups (20 rats): these groups included the following groups: (8rats at non-treated group and 3 rats at each vehicle treated group)
1-Control group: none-treated rats.
2-Control groups treated with vehicles of different drugs.
B- Letrozol-induced PCOS treated groups: these groups included the following groups: (8 rats at each group):
1- Letrozol-induced PCOS group (L): In which rats received letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) (sigma-aldrich USA) orally at a dose level of 1mg/kg for 21 days prepared by dissolving the medicine in 1% aqueous solution of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as 1mg letrozole dissolved in 2 ml CMC. The induction was evidenced by histopathological findings from a preliminary study.
2-Letrozol-induced PCOS treated with melatonin group (LM): Induction of PCOs as previously, at the same time rats received melatonin at a dose level of 2 mg/kg injected intrapretonial daily for 21 days. Melatonin was prepared by dissolving in solution formed of 1:7 ethanol: saline.
3- Letrozol-induced PCOS treated with L-arginine group (LA): Induction of PCOS as previously, at the same time rats received L-arginine (oxford-India) at a dose level of 200 mg/kg orally daily for 21 days. L-arginine was prepared by dissolving in distilled water.
4- Letrozol-induced PCOS treated with hemin group (LH): Induction of PCOS as previously, at the same time rats received hemin (sigma-aldrich USA) at a dose level of 25 mg/kg injected intrapretonial twice times per week for 3 weeks. Hemin was prepared by dissolving in solution formed of 4 gm NaOH dissolved in 1L distilled water.
5- Letrozol-induced PCOS treated with NaHS group (LHS): In which PCOS was induced as in the previous group and rats received NaHS (lopachemie-India) at a dose level of 10 micromol/kg injected intrapretonial daily for 21 days. NaHS was prepared by dissolving in distilled water (50 gm/100cc).
6- Letrozol-induced PCOS treated with omega 3 group (LO): Induction of PCOS as previously, at the same time rats received omega-3 (sigma Aldrich, USA) at a dose level of 240 mg/kg orally for 21 days.
7- Letrozol-induced PCOS treated with vitamin C group (LC): Induction of PCOS as previously, at the same time rats received vitamin C (sigma Aldrich, USA) at a dose level of 100 mg/kg orally for 21 days. Vitamin C was prepared by dissolving it in distilled water.