الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study deals with design and synthesis of new imidazolidinedione derivatives (series I and series II) as well as the synthesis of new imidazole derivatives (series III, series IV). It also includes evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, of all new synthesized compounds. The thesis includes four main sections; introduction, scope of investigation, results, discussion and the experimental sections.
The first section “Introduction” includes an overview about the synthetic procedures of imidazoles and imidazolidinediones and their biological activities as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anticonvulsant, aldose reductase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic.
As a result of these aspects, the second part “Scope of investigation” outlines the main goals and the rationale of this work. The ideas employed in designing new and potent antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this work is achieved via the synthesis of a series of new imidazolidinedione derivatives (series I and series II) with the objective of discovering their antimicrobial activity.
Moreover, this work includes the synthesis of another series of new 1,2,4,5-tetra substituted imidazole derivatives (series III and series IV) with the objective of screening their antimicrobial activity.
For the purpose of achieving these goals, the third section entitled “Results and discussion” describes and discusses the data obtained from the various steps of synthesis of imidazolidinediones series I (3a-e) and series II (4a-e) as well as synthesis of imidazoles series III (10a-e) and series IV (11a-e). Structural elucidation and biological evaluation of target compounds will be carried out. This part is subdivided into two categories:
A) Chemistry, which includes the methods employed in the synthesis of ethyl 2-(2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)alkanoate (3a-d) and methyl 4-((2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)methyl)benzoate (3e) 2-(2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)alkanoic acids (4a-d) and 4-((2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid (4e) as well as, ɛ-(2-(phenyl derivatives)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) alkanoic acid (10a-e)(11a-e). Structural proof or elucidation of all newly synthesized compounds is based on different spectral methods including 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopic data and elemental analysis.
B) Biological evaluation, which deals with evaluation of the biological activities of the synthesized compounds (evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of all newly synthesized compounds using gentamycin and ketoconazole as standard drug for the antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively).
Also we observed that compounds 4a, 4c, 10a, 10e, 11b and 11d exhibited broad spectrum activity against all tested bacterial strains but their activities were less than gentamycin. While all tested compounds were inactive against the used fungal strains except compound 11c which showed good antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus.
The fourth section, “Experimental”, is divided into two parts;
A) The different procedures employed in synthesis of the targeted compounds and presented all detailed spectroscopic and analytical data of the new compounds, which their nomenclatures are as follows:
Ethyl 2-(2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)acetate 3a
Ethyl 3-(2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)propanoate 3b
Ethyl 4-(2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)butanoate 3c
Ethyl 6-(2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)hexanoate 3d
Methyl 4-((2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)methyl) benzoate 3e
2-(2,5-Dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)acetic acid 4a
3-(2,5-Dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)propanoic acid 4b
4-(2,5-Dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)butanoic acid 4c
6-(2,5-Dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)hexanoic acid 4d
4-((2,5-Dioxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid 4e
4-(4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid 10a
3-(4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoic acid 10b
4-(4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)butanoic acid 10c
5-(4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pentanoic acid 10d
6-(4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)hexanoic acid 10e
4-(2,4,5-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid 11a
3-(2,4,5-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoic acid 11b
4-(2,4,5-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)butanoic acid 11c
5-(2,4,5-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pentanoic acid 11d
6-(2,4,5-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)hexanoic acid 11e
B) The biological evaluation (antimicrobial screening) which is subdivided into:
i) Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of all final compounds 3a-e, 4a-e, 10a-e, and 11a-e using gentamycin as reference drug.
ii) Evaluation of the antifungal activity of all newly synthesized compounds (series I, series II, series III, series IV) using ketoconazole as reference drug.