الفهرس 
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Abstract
Biochemical and hormonal changes that occur in both follicular fluid and blood are involved in the control of oocyte competence and embryo development. This study was conducted on 302 cyclic non pregnant buffaloes slaughtered at El-monib slaughtered house El-Giza Governorate, Egypt. Our results revealed that with the increase in follicular size, the follicular fluid levels of glucose, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, zinc, copper and estradiol were significantly increased, while triacylglycerol (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and progesterone levels were significantly decreased. Buffalo follicular fluid glucose, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), superoxide dismutase (SOD), zinc, copper and estradiol were significantly increased during follicular phase of estrous cycle when compared with luteal one while triacylglycerol (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), catalase activity and progesterone levels were significantly increased during luteal phase of estrous cycle when compared with follicular one . Moreover, buffalo blood serum of cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), SOD, copper and estradiol were significantly increased during follicular phase when compared with luteal phase of estrous cycle while, buffalo blood serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and progesterone levels were significantly higher during luteal phase than follicular one. The cytoplasmic maturation of oocyte cultured on TCM-199 supplemented with 10% or 20% follicular fluid shown significant higher than that cultured on TCM-199 or TCM-199 supplemented with IGF-1. While, the nuclear maturation of oocyte cultured on TCM-199 supplemented with follicular fluid (10% or 20%) or IGF-1 were significant higher than that cultured on TCM-199. Finally, the embryo development of oocyte cultured on TCM-199 supplemented with follicular fluid (10% or 20%) or IGF-1 were significant higher when compared with oocyte cultured on TCM-199. In conclusion, the current study threw a light on the biochemical, hormonal and antioxidant changes in the follicular fluid and blood of buffaloes which may be of value in understanding their role in the process of follicular development and help in oocyte competence and embryo development of buffaloes.