الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
DS is the most common neurogenetic cause of ID. Most people with DS experience mild to moderate ID. Individuals with DS commonly possess unique neurocognitive and neurobehavioral profiles that emerge within specific developmental periods.
The characteristics features of DS and specific clinical signs found at birth can guide the decision to perform karyotype testing for the early confirmation of a DS diagnosis. Hypotonia and craniofacial abnormalities as flat face, upward slanting of the palpebral fissure and small dysplastic ear are prominent features of DS.
In DS all systems in the body are affected in some way but the presentation is different. Not all children with DS has the same problems or associated conditions as congenital heart diseases, congenital defects of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrinal disorder, hematologic disorder, musculoskeletal abnormalities, neurobehavioral disorder, otological problems and ocular problems. Parents of DS children should be aware about possible conditions so they can be diagnosed and treated early in an appropriate way.
DS is a commonly occurring chromosomal disorder that is associated with psychiatric comorbidity. Decreased attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are frequently reported in children with DS.
A variety of medical co-morbidities threaten cognitive performance including sleep apnea, abnormalities in thyroid metabolism, and behavioral disturbances.
Children with DS show reduced learning capacities due to their cognitive ability, associated behavioral problems as hyperactivity and associated medical conditions as otological problems or ocular problems.
Medical management, home environment, early intervention, education, and vocational training can significantly affect the level of functioning of children and adolescents with DS and facilitate their transition to adulthood.
The study was conducted on 60 children with DS and 60 healthy children as a control group both aged from 6-10 years old.
The purpose of the present study was to assess cognitive functions in DS comparing it with normal control group. No participant have congenital anomalies severe enough to interfere with their cognitive functions implying that the functional deficit noted in DS children were primary due to trisomy itself.
The present study revealed the following:
- A statistically significant increase in maternal and paternal age were found in DS children than in normal studied group.
- There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding consanguinity.