الفهرس 
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Abstract
The effect of storage methods on garlic bulbs could be concluded under the following point:
1. weight losses percentage:
• Mean weight losses of garlic bulbs percentage increased gradually with increasing storage time in both storage seasons.
• Wrapping garlic bulbs in news paper storage method decreased the mean weight losses by 33.44% and 58.46% comparing to the control in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
• The treatment of poly ethylene method could not continue for the last storage period in both seasons which completely losses occurred at the end of the third month.
• Interaction effects found that wrapping garlic bulbs in news paper significantly gave the most reduction in garlic bulb weight losses in both genotypes during storage from all storage methods under the study when compare to the control. Meanwhile, gellan coating as one of the edible coating treatment was the significant method in reducing the losses in both genotypes when compare to the control.
• Interaction effects revealed that the highest values of the total weight loss of the garlic (34.46% and 36.37%) for Assiut and El-Minia genotypes were recorded by the garlic bulbs stored in polyethylene bags. While, the losses of garlic bulbs weight during storage time decreased by 38.6% and 28% in both Assuit and El-Minia genotypes as a result of wrapping garlic bulbs in newspaper when compared to the control, respectively.
• Garlic bulbs weight losses were reduced by heat storage method.
• Coating bulbs with gellan method reduced the weight losses by 32.82% and 18.71% in Assiut and El-Minia genotypes in the 1st season, respectively.
2. Empty cloves percentage:
• Storage methods were significantly affected empty cloves of Assiut and El-Minia genotypes. El-Minia genotype showed a significant superiority of Assiut in the percentage of empty lobes at the end of storage period for both seasons.
• Heat storage method gave the maximum mean values of empty cloves (25.99 and 32.82 %) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, newspaper storage method gave the minimum mean values of empty cloves (18.08 and 22.76 %) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. This means that warpping garlic bulbs in newspaper storage method decreased the empty cloves by 31.56% and 34.71% when compare to the control in 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
• Interaction result proved that Assiut genotype gave the lower percentage (14.92 and 24.62 %) of empty cloves than El-Minia genotype (28.52 and 32.66%) in both seasons, respectively.
3. Firmness( Kg/cm2)
• The results showed that the Minia variety was significantly higher than that of Assiut in firmness at the end of storage period for both seasons.
• Mean value of all storage treatments significantly increased firmnesses when compare to the control except Polyethylene and chitosan methods which led to incomplete storage period. The highest mean value was obtained as a result of edible coating with Agar+gellan (3.811 and 4.951%) storage treatment in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. While, edible coating with Chitosan gave the minimum value s (2.600 and 3.805%) of garlic firmnesses when compared to the control.
• At the end of storage of 11 months, Agar+gellan coated treatments retained about 28.62% and 23.57 % higher garlic firmness as compared to control (uncoated) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
• Interaction effects revealed that Assuit genotype coated with Agar+gellan gave the highest firmness value (4.000) in the 1st season. While, in the 2nd season, El-Minia genotype (5.278) gave the highest in the 2nd season.
4. Ash percentage:
• Results reflect significant differences in Ash percentage as affected by garlic genotypes during storage seasons. El- Minia genotype gave ash percentage values more than Assiut at mid and end storage time in the 1st season. The second season, ash values varied between mid and end season under both genotypes.
• Storing garlic bulbs with gellan coating and heat treatment gave mean value of Ash percentage between (4.43% to 5.52%) and (5.34% and 6.54%), (4.29% and 5.93%) and (6.68 % and 7.28%) due to gellan storage treatment and heat storage treatment at mid and end storage time in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively.
• Heat storage treatment significantly increased ash value by 8.5% and 8.1% over the control at mid and end of storage time in the 1st season, respectively.
• Comparing to fresh treatment, Mean value of Ash percentage of all storage treatments under the study was significantly increased. The highest increase percentages were 37.8%, 47.5%, 34.9% and 46.9% due to heat storage treatment at mid and end of storage time in the 1st season and 2nd season, respectively.
• Interaction effects between genotypes and storage methods in the 1st season show that Assiut genotype which treated with agar+chitosan coating gave the minimum value (4.08 % and 4.65%) of ash percentage at the mid and end storage time in the 1st season, respectively This trend was changed in the 2nd season; the minimum values were (3.83%) recorded from treating Assuit genotype by agar+chitosan in the mid season while, at the season end, treating El- Minia genotype by gellan gave the minimum value (6.307%).
5. Protein percentage
• There are significant differences recorded among garlic genotypes for protein percentage in both seasons.The Minia genotype, gave a significant superiority over Assiut at the end of both seasons.
• Agar+chitosan significantly increased protein content by 13.5% and 12.6% over the control at end of both seasons, respectively.
• Interaction effects reveal that treating El- Minia genotype by agar+chitosan as edible coating storage material gave the maximum protein content (28.16 and 39.39% in the 1st season. While, in the 2nd season, the maximum protein content was obtained from treating Assiut genotype by Agar+gellan method (30.56%) at mid season and (41.54%) from treating El-Minia genotype by agar+chitosan at end of 2nd season.
6. Flavonoid (mg/100g)
• The demonstrated results showed that Flavonoid value significantly affected by both garlic bulbs. Results showed a superiority of the genotype of Assiut at the end of the first season, while the superiority of the genotype of El-Minia at the end of the second season.
• The mean value of flavonoid was significantly affected by all storage treatments except (polyethylene treatment) at the end season of both storage seasons. Meanwhile, all mean values of flavonoid significantly increased compared to fresh treatment.
• The highest mean value of flavonoid was significantly increased from newspaper storage method by 4.2% and15.0% over the control at mid and end of 1st season, in the 2nd season, this increase were 3.0% and 4.59% respectively.
• Regarding the interaction between genotype and storage methods, wrapping garlic bulb with newspaper gave the maximum flavonoid value (6.31 and 10.65) of El- Minia and Assiut genotype compared to all storage method under the study at mid and end in the 1st season, respectively. Meanwhile, in the 2nd season, these values (7.180 and 10.200) were obtained from El- Minia genotype only.
• At the end of both seasons,Wrapping garlic bulb with newspaper increased flavonoid value by 60.18% in Assuit genotype while, this increase was 53.82% in El-Minia at the end of both seasons, respectively.
7. Carbohydrate percentage:
• The mean value of carbohydrate percent in stored garlic bulbs in El- Minia genotype was significantly higher than in Assuit cv under each season.
• All mean values of carbohydrate % significantly decreased in comparison to fresh treatment in each season.
• Carbohydrate decreases from mid to end of storage period in both storage seasons.
• Edible coating storage with gellan gave the maximum mean value of carbohydrate % at mid and ends of each season; 33.63%, 28.43% in the 1st season and 34.82% and 30.53% in the 2nd season, respectively.
• Results of the interaction effects of genotype and storage treatment show that the highest values of Carbohydrate content was obtained from treating El-Minia genotype, with Agar-chitosan coating method at mid (34.33%) and at end (29.41%) of the 1st season as well as at mid (35.30%) and at end (31.89%) of the 2nd season, respectively.
8. Sulfur percentage:
• Assiut genotype recorded significantly higher value of sulfur content than El- Minia genotype
• Results reveal that sulfur content increased with increasing storage period. The most (maximum) value of sulfur content was obtained from wrapping bulbs in news paper as a storage method which, significantly increased sulfur content compared to control and even fresh treatment.
• Interaction affects shows that Assiut genotype wrapped in newspaper as a storage method gave the maximum content of sulfur in garlic bulbs either at mid or in the end of storing period. These values are (0.520 and 1.133%) and (0.620 and 1.743%) at mid and end of the 1st season and 2nd season, respectively.
• Interaction between coating storage methods affects significantly sulfur content. Treating garlic bulbs (Assiut genotype) with gellan gave the maximum sulfur content at mid and end of the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
8. Fiber percentage:
• Assuit genotype, gave significantly the maximum values of mean fiber content at mid and end of 1st and 2nd seasons
• The maximum values of fiber content obtained from polyethylene storage method. This value was higher than control and even fresh treatment at mid of 1st season. Treating bulbs with agar+chitosan gave the maximum values of fiber content (2.913% and 5.280%) and (3.242 and 6.443%) at mid and end of the both seasons compared with the other storage treatments, respectively.
• In relation to interaction effects between genotypes and storage methods on mean fiber content, data show that the maximum values (2.913 and 6.233%) and (4.557 and 6.713%) was obtained from treating Assiut garlic bulbs with agar+chitosan coating material as one of edible coating storage method at mid and ends of the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
9. Dry matter percentage:
• The two genotypes differed in their performance concerning dry matter content regardless the storing period or storing methods. Results of Assiut genotype showed an increase in dry matter percentage of El-Minia genotype, at the end of both seasons.
• Dry matter content due to heat method were (35.65 and 38.49%) and (35.13 and 39.89%) at mid and ends of the 1st and 2nd season, respectively. Data observation reveal that these values of dry matter significantly increased compared to fresh treatment in both seasons.
• Interaction effects of garlic genotype and storage methods on dry matter content recorded that treating garlic bulb of Assiut genotype by heat storage methods gave the maximum values of dry matter content in both storage seasons.
10. Fat percentage:
• Results indicated that El-Minia genotype gave significantly fat values over Assuit genotype in both seasons.
• The maximum values of fat were obtained from Agar+gellan coating method at mid and end of the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Fat contents significantly increased due to Agar+gellan coating method by 20% and 38.29% and 23.32% and 34.93% ) compared to control treatments at mid and end of the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Additionally, Agar+gellan coating method significantly increased fat contents compared to fresh treatment at mid and end of the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
• Interaction effects reveal that treating El-Minia genotype with Agar+gellan coating method gave the maximum value of fat content at mid and end of the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
11. Chlorophyll a (µ/g)
• Chlorophyll a content at the end of storage was significantly affected by garlic genotype in the 1st season.
• It is clear that chlorophyll a was affected by storage time. Mean values of chlorophyll a increased at the end of both seasons compared with the values at mid seasons. Data reveal that chlorophyll A increased from (0.106 to 0.175) and from (0.094 to 0.244) from mid to end of the 1st and 2nd seasons, as a result of storage method of chitosan coating treatment, respectively. Chitosan storage method gave the highest mean value of chlorophyll (a) at the end of both seasons.
• Interaction effects between garlic genotype and storage method reveal that El- Minia genotype with chitosan storage method gave the highest value of chlorophyll a
12. Chlorophyll b (µ/g)
• Results reveal that El- Minia genotype gave higher significant values of chlorophyll b than Assiut genotype.
• Chitosan storage method gave the highest mean value of chlorophyll b at the end of both seasons. Chitosan treatment proved to be the higher value (0.316) as in the 1st season. Comparing control treatment, results recorded reduction in chlorophyll b percentage by 7.5 and 5.6% at the end of both seasons, respectively. Chlorophyll b was affected by storage time, the mean values of chlorophyll b increased with increasing storage time.
• Interaction effects between garlic genotype and storage method reveal that El-Minia genotype with chitosan storage method gave the highest value of chlorophyll b.
13. Carotoind (µg/g):
• The deference in carotene content among two genotypes found significant in the 1st season and insignificant in the 2nd season.
• In comparison to the control treatment, Newspaper storage method significantly increased carotenoid content by 57.81% and 53.39% over the control in 1st seasons, respectively. The significantly trend are changed at mid and end of the 2nd season. Heat treatment gave the highest carotenoid content (0.072) at mid season and chitosan gave the highest value (0.130) at end of the 2nd season, respectively on the 2nd season, Heat method significantly increased carotenoid content by 47.22% at the mid season. While, chitosan method increased carotenoid content by 44.61% at the end respectively.
• Interaction effects between genotypes and storage methods reveal that wrapping El -Minia genotype in newspaper as storage methods at end of the 1st season gave the highest values of carotenoid content (0.105). While, the highest value of carotene content at end of the 2nd season (0.130) was obtained from treating garlic bulbs with chitosan.
14. Correlation coefficient:
Positive and highly significant correlations were obtained from Chlorophyll a with Chlorophyll b with correlation coefficients of (0.978**), Empty cloves with Firmness (0.829**). However, weight Loss showed negative and highly significant correlation with empty cloves (-0.789**) and firmness (-0.921**). Moreover, obtained data show that flavonoid was negatively and significantly correlated with Weight loss (-0.659*), as well as flavonoid with Protein (-0.713*).
Results show clearly that correlation data in the 2nd season gave the same trend as demonstrated in the 1st season. This results emphasis the previous correlation between garlic bulbs characters under the study.
Results of this study may be beneficial for garlic growing farmers, traders, customers, storage for consumption or as clove seeds and processing purposes to choose which genotype are suitable for each of these purposes.
In general conclusion, the warped in newspaper and coating with gellan solution treatments could be recommended to be used on garlic storage under Assiut condition for house hold storage, processing and as seeds for production.