الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of ibuprofen and paracetamol versus placebo on pain perception during local anesthetic injection and following dental extraction of lower primary molars in children.
One hundred and fifty six Egyptian children with age range of 7-12 years old were enrolled in this study. They were selected from outpatients clinic at Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University-Egypt.
The participants were divided into three groups (52 patients in each group). Each group received specific type of drug 30 minutes before local anesthetic administration. The first group received Ibuprofen, the second one received Paracetamol and the third group received placebo. Pain scores during the injection of local anesthesia and following dental extraction were recorded using the Facial Image Scale (Five-Face Scale) by showing the scale to each child and asking him/her to choose a face that best described his/her feeling. Also, pain scores were recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 24th hours following dental extraction from parents by telephone. Data were collected and statistically analysed.
The results of the study revealed that:
1. Ibuprofen and Paracetamol decreased the pain scores significantly compared to placebo during local anesthetic administration.
2. Following dental extraction of lower primary molars, results revealed no statistically significant differences between the three groups after the first and second hour following dental extractions.
3. At the third, fourth , fifth, sixth and 24th hours following the dental extractions, the results showed statistically significant differences between the three groups with (p≤0.001).