الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In developing countries, abattoir plays a major role in providing and serving as sources of information and reference centre for disease prevalence. Meat inspection is
conducted in the abattoir for the purpose of screening animal products with abnormal
pathological lesions that are unattractive and unsafe for human consumption. Meat
inspection assists to detect certain diseases of livestock and prevent the distribution of
infected meat that could give rise to disease in animal and human being and to ensure
competitiveness of products in the local market. Abattoir meat inspection is essential to
remove gross abnormalities from meat and its products, to prevent distribution of
contaminated meat and to assist detecting and eradication of certain livestock diseases.
The present study aimed to Identify and determine of the major causes of organ and
carcass condemnation, and estimate of the direct economic losses attributed to the
condemned organs and carcasses from animals slaughtered in the Menoufia abattoirs.
The study was conducted over a period of one year starting from November 2015 to
October 2016. A total of the main slaughterhouses were selected from nine centers in
Menoufia governorate namely Shebien-elkom, Quesina, Berket-elsabe, Shouhda, Tala,
Bagour, Menouf and Ashmoun.
The sanitary conditions of all slaughterhouses (30 abattoirs) in nine centers were
assessed by using sanitation checklist including (abattoir establishment and facilities,
hygienic operation requirements and practices, as well as special requirements for
inspection).
The main biggest slaughterhouse (shebien-elkom abattoir) was followed for five
months, and each of the other seven slaughterhouses were visited for a period of one
month. A total of 4812 cattle, 1248 buffalo, 330 sheep, 30 goat and 44 camels were
slaughtered in the main eight slaughterhouses and were examined for ante-mortem and
postmortem examination.
All condemnations and its causes of animals slaughtered in Menoufia governorate
were conducted from records affiliated to the Egyptian general administration of
veterinary service.
Results of the present study revealed that:
1. Sanitary conditions and hygienic operations of slaughterhouses:
The mean percent of sanitary conditions and hygienic operation of
slaughterhouses in Menoufia governorate was 56.1%.
Requirements for inspection showed the highest mean score percent (66.0%), and
abattoir establishment showed the lowest mean score percent (47.3%), with no
significant differences between them 2. Ante-mortem inspection:
There were 4553 disorders detected out of 6312 examined animals.
There were1441 disorders detected out of 2184 examined cattle mainly dirty skin
(24.3%), salivation (15.0%) and nasal discharge (13.5%).
There were 1487 disorders detected out of 3471 examined buffaloes mainly dirty
skin (14.5%), nasal discharge (9.8%) and salivation (9.4%).
There were 235 disorders detected out of 530 examined sheep mainly salivation
(16.0%), nasal discharge (11.3%) and tick infestation (4.9%).
There were 49 disorders detected out of 77 examined camel mainly dirty skin
(23.4%), salivation (14.3%) and nasal discharge (11.7%).
3. Post mortem inspection:
3.1. Total carcass condemnation
A total of 121 animals were totally condemned (14 cattle,48 buffalo, 12 sheep and
1camel) out of 6312 examined animals.
Sheep showed the highest percent of animal condemnation (2.3%), followed by
buffalo (2.1%), while the lowest percent was in camels (1.3%). Goat showed no total
condemnation.
The highest number of animal condemnation was due to sarcocystosis (37 animals),
followed by tuberculosis (24 animals). While, the lowest number of animal
condemnation was due to abscess and hydrated cyst (2 animals).
3.2. Total and partial organs condemnation
Goat had the highest percent of total organ condemnation, while Camel had the
highest percent of partial organ condemnation. Sheep had the lowest percent of
total and partial organ condemnations.
Congestion was the main cause of total and partial condemnation in different
organs of different animals (51.4%), followed by cirrhosis (23.3%).The lowest
percent of condemnation found due to stones (1.2%).
Lung was the highest prevalence of organ condemnation (37.3%), followed by
liver (32.6%). Kidney was the lowest organ condemned (1.8%).
3.2.1. Cattle
There were 1335 organs condemned out of 2184 examined cattle (61.1%).
The highest percent of condemnation were in heart (16.7%), followed by lung
(11.2%), intestine (8.7%) and udder (8.1%), the lowest percent was in kidney
(1.5%) and there was no total condemnation in muscle.
Tuberculosis showed the highest cause of condemnation in condemned organs
(387), followed by congestion (300), cysticercosis (188) and brucellosis (130).
There were 2885 parts of organs condemned out of examined 2184 cattle
(132.1%). The highest percent of partial condemnation in cattle were in liver (33.2%),
followed by lung (29.9%), udder (20.5%) and heart (18.8%). The lowest percent
was in kidney (0.3%) with no partial condemnation in tongue and spleen.
The highest number of condemned parts in cattle was due to congestion in
different organs (1237), followed by cirrhosis (456), abscess (299) and
inflammation (297).There was no partial condemnation in cattle due to
tuberculosis and brucellosis.
3.2.2. Buffaloes
There were 2137 organs condemned out of 3471 examined buffaloes (61.6%).
The highest percent of total condemnation in buffaloes were in tongue (21.5%),
followed by intestine (12.0%), lung (9.0%). The lowest percent was in kidney
(0.9%) with no total condemnation in muscle.
Sarcocystosis showed the highest cause of condemned organs for buffaloes in
head and tongue (817), followed by tuberculosis in different organs (546),
congestion (220), and brucellosis (96) and cysticercosis (93).
There were 3487 parts of organs condemned out of 3471 examined buffaloes
(100.5%).
The highest percent of partial condemnation were in liver (30.5%), followed by
lung (25.6%), muscle (16.8%) and udder (14.5%), the lowest percent was in head
(0.9%) with no partial condemnation in tongue and spleen.
The highest number of condemned parts was due to congestion in different organs
(1226), followed by cirrhosis (666), abscess (540), hydatid cyst (378) and no
partial condemnation due to tuberculosis and brucellosis.
3.2.3. Sheep
There were 245 organs condemned out of 530 examined sheep (46.2%).
Udder showed the highest percent of condemnation (12.6%), followed by spleen
(12.5%), heart (6.6%) and lung (6.4%), the lowest percent was in tongue (1.5%)
with no total condemnation in kidney and muscle.
Brucellosis showed the highest cause of organ condemnation in spleen and udder
(130), followed by cysticercosis (38) and congestion in different organs (28).
There were 240 parts of organs condemned out of 530 examined sheep (45.3%).
The highest percent of partial condemnation were in lung (22.5%), followed by
liver (13.2%) and udder (6.0%), the lowest percent was in muscle (0.8%) with no
partial condemnation in head, tongue and kidney.
The highest number of condemned parts were due to congestion in lung, liver and
intestine (128), followed by inflammation (38) and cirrhosis (36).
There was no partial condemnation in sheep due to tuberculosis, brucellosis,
cysticercosis, sarcocystosis, hydatid cyst and stones.
3.2.4. Goats
There were78 organs condemned out of 50 examined goats (156.0%). Spleen and udder showed the highest percent of condemnation (38.0%), followed
by heart (34.0%) and lung (32.0%). The lowest percent was in head (6.0%) with
no total condemnation in tongue, intestine, kidney and muscle.
Brucellosis showed the highest cause of organ condemnation in udder and spleen
(36), followed by cysticercosis (17) and congestion (10).
There was no total condemnation due to sarcocystosis, liver worm, FMD, abscess
and stones in different organs in examined slaughtered goats.
There were 28 parts of organs condemned out of 50 examined goats (56.0%).
Lung showed the highest percent of partial condemnation (20.0%), followed by
liver (12.0%) and heart (10.0%), the lowest percent was in udder (6.0%) with no
partial condemnation in head, tongue, spleen, kidney and muscle.
The highest number of condemned parts were due to congestion in liver, heart,
lung, and intestine (14), followed by cirrhosis (7) and inflammation (6).
There was no partial condemnation in goats due to tuberculosis, brucellosis,
cysticercosis, sarcocyst, hydatid cyst, liver worm, FMD and stones.
3.2.5. Camels
There were78 organs condemned out of 77 examined camels (101.3%).
Lung showed the highest percent of condemnation (29.9%), followed by intestine
(28.6%) and heart (15.6%). The lowest percent was in head (3.9%) with no total
condemnation in tongue, spleen and muscle.
Tuberculosis showed the highest cause of organ condemnation of condemned
organs in different organs (39), followed by congestion (19) and hydatid cyst (14).
There was no total condemnation due to brucellosis, cysticercosis, sarcocystosis,
cirrhosis, inflammation and abscess in different organs in examined slaughtered
camels.
There were 152 parts of organs condemned out of 77 examined camels (197.4%).
The highest percent of partial condemnation were in lung (62.3%), followed by
heart (54.5%) and liver (49.4%). The lowest percent was in kidney (2.6%) with no
partial condemnation in tongue and spleen.
The highest number of condemned parts were due to congestion in liver, heart,
lung, and intestine (64), followed by hydatid cyst (35) and abscess (22).
There was no partial condemnation in camels due to tuberculosis, brucellosis,
cysticercosis, sarcocystosis and FMD.
4. Records:
4.1.Total carcass condemnation
Out of 73584 slaughtered animals, there were 278 animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep
and camel) totally condemned.
Buffalo showed the highest percent of animal condemnation (0.5%), followed by
sheep (0.4%), while the lowest percent was in camels (0.1%). There was no
condemnation in goat due to different causes of condemnation.
The highest number of animal condemnation was due to sarcocystosis (74),
followed by cysticercosis (63), and while the lowest number of animal
condemnation was due to abscess and hydatid cyst (1).
SUMMARY
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4.2.Organs condemnation
Out of 73584 slaughtered animals, a total of 1630 livers was condemned (2.2%),
797 heads (1.1%), 3058 lungs (4.2%), 384 hearts (0.5%), 1264 tongues (1.7%), 644
intestines (0.9%), 306 spleens (0.4%), 78 kidneys (0.1%), 549 udders (0.8%), 638 part
of muscles (0.9%).
5. Economic losses:
In total condemnation, the economic loss was 1,943,470 L.E (121 animals).
In cattle, the economic loss was 257, 829, 5 L.E (1334 condemned organs of
weight 3860.5 Kg and 2885 parts of weight 1142.3 Kg of different organ parts).
In buffaloes, the economic loss was 390, 343, 00 L.E (2137 condemned organs of
weight 6833 Kg, and 3487 parts of weight 1214.9 Kg of different organ parts).
In sheep, the economic loss was 14185 L.E (245 condemned organs of weight
200.6 Kg and 240 parts of weight 72.1Kg of different organ parts).
In goat, the economic loss was 3663 L.E (78 condemned organs of weight 55.1
Kg and 28 parts of weight 6.3 Kg of different organ parts).
In camel, the economic loss was 18537.5 L.E (78 condemned organs of weight
364 Kg and 152 parts of weight 63.5 Kg resulted of different organ).
from the results of this study, the following can be recommended:
1. Proper meat inspections are essential to remove gross abnormalities from meat
and its products and the prevention of the distribution of contaminated meat
2. Abattoirs should be supplied with ample water and waste disposal systems could
be given special attention by the abattoir personnel.
3. Training should be offered to abattoir workers on the overall consideration in the due course of production, the condemned organs should be incinerated (proper disposal) to break the cycle of pathogens.