الفهرس 
مفاهيم وأساسيات الاستثمار الاجنبى المباشريوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
the second half of the last century played an important role in supporting the growth of the economies of developing countries, especially during the last two decades, which witnessed a significant increase in the volume of investment flows
Most countries of the world have used foreign capital to modernize and develop their productive facilities and other components of national economies
Foreign investment plays an important role in the economic development projects of the host countries. If these countries make good choices of their projects and choose their foreign partners, foreign investment can fill the gap in the resources and resources unavailable in the host countries and expand the investment base in the country, with the possibility of contributing to the exploitation of natural resources available in the country. Foreign direct investment is an effective tool in the transfer and resettlement of technology and contributes to job creation in host countries
On the other hand, foreign direct investment can contribute to the aggravation of environmental pollution by settling it in some activities and industries that are polluting the environment such as oil and mining extractive industries instead of settling them in their countries where these foreign investments are subject to strict environmental standards due to increasing official and popular interest in this matter. While there is little interest in most developing countries
The Egyptian economy witnessed the beginning of the nineties significant structural developments in the context of the policy of implementing economic reform programs and the transition of the Egyptian economy to a new stage depends on the liberalization of the economy from all restrictions and reliance on market forces to allow the use of resources of the national economy more efficiently
And its employees in order to provide a better investment climate that will attract domestic and foreign capital to invest in Egypt The petroleum sector is considered one of the most important investment sectors and its main pillars are the economic state, the two main sectors of the global and Egyptian economy, and the most productive sectors that provide the bulk of the energy needs at the national level
Egypt is rich in a number of fields, whether in the Mediterranean Sea or the Egyptian territorial waters or the desert of Egypt, which provided an opportunity to attract foreign investment to Egypt, despite the cost of research and exploration for crude, especially in deep water
Petroleum has a significant environmental and social impact, as polluting waste is generated during production, and oil extraction is expensive and sometimes harmful to the environment
The combustion of oil causes carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and many harmful emissions such as sulfur gases, nitrogen, hydrocarbons and particulate matter. It is believed to contribute to the global warming phenomenon and contribute to all aspects of environmental pollution surrounding it. This study will identify foreign investment and a cycle in the development of the petroleum sector, Environmental dimension
The study Problem
The petroleum sector in Egypt is considered one of the most important productive sectors, providing the largest part of the total energy needs at the national level. The oil sector is characterized by unique characteristics of other sectors, the most important of which is the size of the huge investments required for this sector both in exploration and exploration by modern technology and advanced stages of production and distribution which leads to the use of foreign direct investment to play the largest role related to research
And exploration as these processes have a degree of risk and uncertainty of the success of exploration and exploration Life has changed on the ground and humanity has depended on petroleum and its derivatives in life as it depends on providing the necessary energy for the different aspects of life on earth, in providing food and medicine, and in meeting the growing needs of human beings, which has brought with it many risks to human health, the environment and the sources of life. As the risks of environmental pollution increase due to the excessive use of energy resources, including petroleum
Oil has a significant environmental and social impact on accidents and routine activities that accompany its production and operation such as seismic explosions during its production, drilling, generating contaminated waste, and oil extraction is expensive and sometimes harmful to the environment Although scientists pointed out that more than 70% of the world reserves are accompanied by large nominations and leaks of the surrounding environment of air, water and soil during the extraction of oil and foreign direct investments were a significant weight in the Egyptian economic performance before the year 2000 where the data show that the share Egypt’s net foreign direct
Net foreign direct investment inflows increased significantly during the period from 2000/2001 to 2006/07 to reach US $ 11.1 billion in 2006/07 compared to US $ 0.5 billion during the fiscal year 2000/2001
The volume of foreign direct investment in 2007/08 (2013-2013) reached 37.3 billion dollars, which is the total net foreign direct investment inflows inside Egypt reached about 72.6 billion dollars during this period and achieved net foreign direct investment in Egypt During the period(2007/2008/2013/2013) with a value of about $ 3 billion in a year2012/2013 compared to $ 13.2 billion during 2007/2008
The Central Bank of Egypt data show that only foreign direct investment flows in Egypt’s oil sector amounted to 3.60% during 2011/2012 compared to 3.73% during 2010/2011.
In light of this, the researcher raises the following question: To what extent can foreign direct investment in the petroleum sector affect the Egyptian environment and contribute to taking into account the environmental dimension in that sector.
The importance of studying
Identify foreign direct investment and the vital role it can play in the development of the petroleum sector and provide guarantees to reduce environmental damage resulting from petroleum industries
Identify foreign direct investment and the vital role it can play in the development of the petroleum sector and provide guarantees to reduce environmental damage resulting from petroleum industries
Objectives of the study
1. Study the impact of foreign direct investment in the petroleum sector on the Egyptian environment
2. Studying the positive and negative effects of foreign direct investment in the petroleum sector
Study hypotheses
1. Foreign direct investment in the oil sector has a negative impact on the Egyptian environment
2. . here is a direct relationship between the interest in modern technologies and the reduction of damage resulting from foreign direct investment in the petroleum sector
Study procedures
Research Methodology
In order to achieve the research objectives, the researchers used analytical method based on the extrapolation method to form the theoretical framework for research in data collection using a basic source of information SourcesThe books and references of Arab and foreign influential periodicals, articles and reports, and previous studies that dealt with the subject of research and reading in various Internet sites.
Time limits: The border was between 2008 and 2016
Spatial boundaries: Spatial boundaries were in the oil sector
Study tool: Data were collected from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics and reports of the Central Bank of Egypt during the years 2008 through 2016. The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS.
Results
Text of the study:
• Foreign direct investment in the oil sector has negative effects on the Egyptian environment and to verify the validity of the hypothesis. The multiple regression coefficient was calculated. A significant effect of 93.3% was found between the CO2 emissions resulting from the extraction and production of oil and natural gas and the value of the sector’s share in the GDP And the value of foreign direct investment in the petroleum sector, which confirms the validity of the imposition.
• Foreign direct investment in the petroleum sector is an important channel for the transfer of advanced technology, which contributes to increasing production and reducing the cost of exploration, exploration and extraction.
• Carbon monoxide storage and storage technology and nanotechnology are new technologies that contribute to the removal of gaseous pollutants such as greenhouse gases, but these techniques are still costly and require further research and development to reduce the cost of using them.
• For foreign investments in the petroleum sector is an important and vital role in Egypt due to the need of this sector to huge investments and advanced technology that national companies can not.
Recommendations
• Researchers recommend. The petroleum sector should exert more efforts to reduce pollution caused by foreign investments in the sector, allocate more expenditure in R & D operations, and use modern techniques to reduce the amount of emissions resulting from the activities of the petroleum sector.
• The petroleum sector is an important component of economic plans. However, the great environmental impact necessitates the development of legislation and laws that reduce it and limit the environmental excesses of multinational oil companies.
• Research support for the use of nanotechnology and the technology to store and absorb carbon dioxide emissions from different processes in the petroleum industry, to avoid the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and thus reduce the adverse effects of climate.
• The state should impose a pollution tax on foreign companies such as energy taxes, natural resource taxes, pollution taxes.