الفهرس 
STEM CELLSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the present systematic review, the studies that done on using stem cell in autism, brain damaged motory handicapped, stroke, traumatic brain injury and vocal fold regeneration in the last 15 years from 1-2002 until 3-2017 in Pub-med and e-medicine were collected.
After exclusion of unrelated studies, the final number of studies became 6 in autism, 15 in brain damaged motory handicapped, 22 in stroke, 11 in traumatic brain injury and 7 in regeneration of vocal folds.
The results of these studies were collected in tables to know if really the stem cells are effective or not in treating the communication problems.
The results indicated that stem cell therapy was effective in treating many symptoms of autism as eye contact, attention, decreasing the repetitive movements and improving the communication skills. Combination between 2 types of stem cells resulted in better results than using one type. Using neurotrophic factors derived from stem cells had better results than stem cells. Among the 3 studies that measured language, one of them showed statistically significant improvement in language. This study used fetal stem cells.
In stroke, stem cell therapy was effective in improvement of neurological symptoms, decreasing the infarction size, increasing the blood supply to the affected areas of the brain. Injection of stem cells in acute stage had better results than injection in chronic stage. Injection in the first day and even in the first hour after infarction had the best results. Two studies found that the most effective dose was 1x106cells. The most common 2 types of stem cells used in stroke were mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear stem cells. The intravenous route was the most common, the easier and the safest route.
Stem cells could improve the motor system of brain damaged motory handicapped children, improving their language, decreasing the inflammation and stimulating the growth. Stem cell therapy in BDMH patients was safe except few side effects as vomiting, headache that disappeared with therapy. The two studies that measured language showed improvement after therapy.
In traumatic brain injury patients, stem cell therapy was effective in improving the neurological condition of patients by making a bridge through which the cells can pass from the healthy side to the affected side, so increase the blood supply to the affected areas. Early injection resulted in better results. The number of injections did not effect on results.
In vocal fold scar, stem cells could improve histology and morphology of vocal fold after atrophy and scar of vocal fold. Stem cells increased the elasticity of vocal folds, decreased fibrosis and scar formation, decreased collagen deposition and decreased thickness of vocal fold especially, the lamina propria. All the previous factors resulted in improvement of vocal fold function and decreased the scar formation after vocal fold injury. Mesenchymal stem cells are used in 70% of studies. Adipose derived stem cells could persist in vocal fold tissue for longer time than other types.
Stem cell therapy was safe in most of studies. There were no reported serious side effects after therapy.