الفهرس 
ABSTRACT
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Abstract
The welding is a common industrial process associated with various health hazards. Workers represent half of the world’s population. Maintaining a safe working environment is reflected on a healthy worker. Injury among welders is an important public health problem in this area in the context of high prevalence rate & larger involvement of at risk worker population in welding metal industries. Health impact & morbidity data about occupational hazards among welders, no studies have been conducted thus far in Egypt regarding Exposure & health effects among welders, acc The present study aims to identify the prevalence of the occupational health hazards and using the protective measures among welders, in workshops at Beni Suef city. Descriptive design was conducted by the study.
The study was conducted at Beni- Suef city .Convenience samples all workers were available in 106 workshops, the total number was 257. Data was collected by using two tools ,the first one was an Arabic interview sheet, included two parts .part Ι: for demographic data .part ΙΙ: for knowledge about personal protective equipment and type of occupational hazards .second tool observation check list for personal protective equipment and environmental safety. Data was collected in the period from 1st of January 2016until the end of April 2016.The researcher interviewed each person individually according to his work circumstances. The average time taken to complete each questionnaire was around 10- 20minutes depending on the person’s response to questions. Observation checklist was done by the researcher herself , it took from 10- 15minute .all of these activities done at the work places (welder workshops) 3days/week, the number of persons ranged from 4-5 person / dayThe main findings of the present study were as the following:There were less than one third of welders (31.9%) in age group 20 ˂ 30yearsThere were slightly more than two third (68.9%) work for >12 hours.The majority of (98.4%) welders hadn’t work license.There were more than four fifth (83.3%) exposed to accident during their work & 80.9% were smoking.
There were more than two fifth (45.9%) of study participant choose this work because they were failure in education.The majority of welders were exposed to different types of occupational hazards.The vast majority of welders knew causes of exposure to accidents as 97.7% violation of safety and prevention instructions, 96.5% not use the necessary protective equipment, 93.0% crowded place, and 89.1% lack of protective devices.The welders were used the health services for emergency treatment 91.4% also there were 98.8% decided that provide appropriate treatment considered as the importance of occupational health services
The most used on personal protective equipment was eye goggles 88.3% & other devices were not applicable.
There were about three quarters (74.3%) had inadequate safety environment.There were more than two fifth (41.3%) had fair as total score of knowledge regarding to occupational hazards during work & more than one third (34.2%) had poor knowledge. There were statistical significant difference between educational level and chemical hazards and some of psychological hazards. There were statistical significant difference between environmental safety and physical, chemical, some type of mechanical and psychological hazards.
The study concluded that:
1. Provide education & training programs should be carried out regularly, special for using of personal protective equipment &first aid.
2. Proper use &maintenance of personal protective equipment.
3. Periodic medical examination should be performed to all workers in workshops.
4. Periodic inspection of working environment by industrial safety. Further research is recommended to investigate sustainable preventive strategies to control or reduce exposure to welding related safety and health hazards in order to preserve the health of welders in the small and informal enterprises.