الفهرس 
APPLIED ANATOMY OF THE RETINAOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 144 |  |  |
| | | from | 144 | | |
Abstract
C
ystoid macular edema is a common phenomenon in a variety of diseases that leads to impairment of visual functions. It is considered a leading cause of central visual loss in the developed world and hence has a great medical and socioeconomic importance.
Early detection of ME is critical for diagnosis of the cause and management. Therapeutic approaches to macular edema have evolved dramatically over the past years with the development of new pharmacologic agents and new surgical approaches.
Traditional methods used to detect macular edema include clinical fundus Examination using slit lamp Biomicroscopy, FA and FAF. However they are subjective methods and provide qualitative results.
Optical Coherence Tomography is a very sensitive modality for detection of even subclinical macular edema and provide both qualitative and quantitative results used in monitoring and follow up of patients before and after treatment of ME.
However there are certain conditions that preclude performing OCT as ocular media opacity (cataract, corneal opacity, and vitreous hemorrhage) and uncooperative patients as young children.
B-Scan Ultrasonography is a non-Invasive diagnostic tool that has the advantage of reliably imaging the posterior segment regardless of the ocular media status and it is less dependent on patient cooperation.
Our study aimed at reporting the sensitivity and specificity of B-Scan Ultrasonography versus OCT (gold standard) and Slit lamp Biomicroscopy in detection of macular edema.
This study was conducted on 40 eyes of 20 patients who were randomly selected and agreed to participate in the study in the period from December 2017 to March 2018. Patients were examined using B-Scan Ultrasonography by the same masked operator before history or examination of the patient in an attempt to minimize bias. Then full history was taken from the patient and was subjected to careful ocular examination including BCVA, IOP, anterior segment examination, pupillary reflexes and posterior segment examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit lamp Biomicroscopy. Then all patients were examined by OCT for quantitative macular thickness measurements. The presence or absence of macular thickening as determined by B-scan ultrasonography was compared with the results of slit lamp Biomicroscopy and OCT measurements. Eyes that underwent Ultrasonography, but could not otherwise be assessed with Biomicroscopy and OCT, were excluded from the final data analysis.
The results of our study revealed that Ultrasonography qualitative findings correlate highly with those of Biomicroscopy and OCT measurements with high sensitivity (91.7%) and moderate specificity (75%). The diagnostic accuracy of B-Scan Ultrasonography to diagnose ME was found to be 85%. And so, B-scan Ultrasonography provides an acceptable method to qualitatively detect macular edema when otherwise OCT could not be performed for the patient.