الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dyspepsia refers to several symptoms of the upper gastrointestinal tract mainly belonging to three patterns: reflux-like, ulcer-like, and dysmotility-like dyspepsia.
Dyspepsia occurs in approximately 25% of the population each year. It is responsible for substantial health care costs and considerable time lost from work
Dyspepsia is characterized by epigastric discomfort or pain with upper abdominal heaviness or fullness, belching or regurgitation, bloating, early satiation, heart burn, food intolerance, nausea or vomiting.
In some patients, no specific cause is identifiable for dyspepsia. This group is labeled as functional or non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). The major causes of dyspepsia are peptic ulcer disease, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, malignancy, and functional dyspepsia.
Drugs are frequently implicated as a cause in new onset dyspeptic symptoms. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, some antibiotics, corticosteroids, methotrexate, acetylsalicylic acid and oral iron are common causes of drug-related dyspepsia.
In Giardiasis, diarrhea occurs in acute giardia infection while chronic infection may present with dyspeptic symptoms that may be confused with other gastrointestinal and/or biliary disorders.
Dyspepsia is common following cholecystectomy. Bile reflux into the stomach can cause a chemical gastropathy leading to dyspeptic symptoms.
Spicy and hot foods are the main aggravating factors for dyspepsia while intake of antacids and cold milk are the main relieving factors.
Summary
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Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a procedure in which a small flexible endoscope is introduced through the mouth and advanced through the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
Alarm features are used to categorize patients with dyspepsia who may harbor true pathology or malignancy that may be found with endoscopy. They include Age above 50 years, Family history of upper GI malignancy, unintentional weight loss, GI bleeding or unexplained iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia or odynophagia, persistent vomiting, abnormal imaging suggesting organic disease.
Because structural upper gastrointestinal tract diseases, such as peptic ulcer, erosive esophagitis, luminal strictures and malignancy can course with dyspepsia, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is the diagnostic procedure of choice to differentiate patients with organic from those with functional dyspepsia.
Aim of the study:
The aim of the present work is to study the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in patients with dyspepsia.