الفهرس 
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Abstract
The target of this study was examining the effect of using four plant extracts (Balady wormwood, Balady argal, lupine seeds and licorice) as partial replacement of dormex on behaviour of buds, growth, vine nutritional status, berry setting%, yield and berries quality of Superior grapevines grown under Qena region.
The nearly same obtained data during both seasons could be summarized under the following main items:
1- Behavior of buds, blooming and berry setting:
Start and end of bud burst, blooming and berry setting, bud burst % and fruiting buds% were considerably enhanced, otherwise durations of buds burst, blooming and berry setting and dormant buds% were reduced with treating the vines once with dormex at 4% alone and dormex at 1 to 2% and/or any one of the four plant extracts relative to the control. Bud burst start was 7 & 9 Feb. in vines treated with dormex at 4% alone and was 9 & 10 Feb. in the vines received dormex at 2% + extract of licorice at 10%. The untreated vines started to bud burst on 10 & 11 March during both seasons, respectively. Durations of bud burst in the vines treated with dormex at 4% alone were 9 & 8 days and 10 days for the vines received dormex at 2% + extract of licorice at 10%. Bud burst duration in the untreated vines reached 25 & 26 days during both seasons, respectively. Percentages of bud burst and fruiting buds reached 88.2 & 36.8% in the first season and 90.0 & 37.6% in the second season, respectively. In the untreated vines percentages of bud burst were 64.0 & 66.0% and percentages of fruiting buds were 26.6 & 27.0% during both seasons, respectively.
2- Total phenols, ABA, total indoles and total soluble sugars in the buds just after bud burst:
There was a remarkable stimulation on total indoles and total soluble sugars and a reduction on both total phenols and ABA with treating the vines once with dormex at 4% and dormex at 1 to 2% and/or any one of the four plant extracts relative to the control. The effect was highly appeared with using plant extracts with dormex relative to using dormex alone. The maximum values of total soluble sugars and total indoles and the lowest values of total phenols and ABA were recorded on the buds from vines that treated with dormex at 4% alone or when dormex was used at 2% besides extract of licorice at 10%.
3- Vegetative growth characteristics:
The six vegetative growth aspects namely main shoot length, number of leaves/shoot, leaf area, wood ripening coefficient, pruning wood weight and cane thickness were greatly stimulated with using dormex and/or any one of the four plant extracts than the control. The maximum values were recorded on the vines that treated with dormex at 4% alone or when the vines exposed to dormex at 2% plus extract of licorice at 10%. The untreated vines produced the minimum values.
4- Leaf chemical composition:
Using dormex at 4% alone and dormex at 1 to 2% and/or any one of the four plant extracts each at 10% materially enhanced chlorophylls a & b and total carotenoids, N, P and K (as %) in the leaves rather than non-application. Treating the vines once with dormex at 4% alone and dormex at 2% + extract of licorice at 10% gave the maximum values.
5- Harvesting date:
A great advancement on harvesting date was observed when the vines treated with dormex at 4% alone as well as dormex at 1 to 2% and/or any one of the four plant extracts relative to the control. Harvesting date was very earliest when the vines were treated with dormex at 4% alone. Under such promised treatment harvesting date was 8 and 7 June during both seasons, respectively. Vines treated with dormex at 2% + extract of licorice at 10% harvest on 10 June during 2015 & 2016 seasons. Harvesting date of the untreated vines was 30 June and 1 July during both seasons, respectively.
6- Percentage of berry setting, yield and cluster aspects:
Treating the vines once with dormex at 4% alone and dormex at 1 to 2% and/or any one of the four plant extracts namely Balady wormwood, Balady argal, lupine seeds and licorice each at 10% materially was responsible for improving the percentage of berry setting, yield expressed in weight and number of clusters/vine as well as weight, length and shoulder of cluster compared to non-application. The best treatments were the application of dormex at 4% alone and dormex at 2% plus extract of licorice at 10%.
7- Percentage of shot berries:
It was remarkably controlled by treating the vines once with dormex and/or any one of the four plant extracts each at 10% relative to the check treatment. Using any one of the four plant extracts with dormex at 1 to 2% had a announced reduction on percentage of shot berries compared to using dormex at 1 to 2% alone. The minimum values of shot berries were recorded on the clusters harvested from vines that treated with dormex at 4% alone and dormex at 2% plus extract of licorice at 10%.
8- Quality of the berries:
Treating the vines once with dormex at 4% alone and dormex at 1 to 2% and/or any one of the four plant extracts namely Balady wormwood, Balady argal, lupine seeds and licorice each at 10% was very effective in improving quality of the berries in terms of berry weight and dimensions (longitudinal and equatorial), T.S.S.%, T.S.S./acid and reducing sugars% and decreasing total acidity % relative to the check treatment. Using dormex at 4% gave the best results with regard to quality of the berries. Using dormex at 2% along with the extract of licorice at 10% occupied the second position in this respect. Unfavourable effects on berries quality were observed on untreated vines.