الفهرس 
ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT DISORDERS
Circuits within the Basal Ganglia SystemOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Movement disorders are very common, especially in the
elderly population. They include a variety of neurological
conditions that are generally caused by dysfunction in a region
of the brain called the basal ganglia.
Movement disorders, such as Parkinson disease (PD),
tremor, tics and dystonia, are common conditions. The overall
prevalence of PD, for example, is 1% in people aged 65–85
years, increasing to 4.3% above the age of 85 years. The
prevalence of essential tremor the most common form of tremor
is 4% in people aged over 40 years, increasing to 14% in people
over 65 years of age. The prevalence of tics in school-age
children and adolescents can be as high as 21%.
The aim of our study is to investigate the clinical profile of
patients with different movement disorders presented to Ain Shams
university outpatient clinics for comprehensive epidemiological
survey. It is cross sectional descriptive prospective study that
evaluated 158 patients with variable presentations of movement
disorders who attended to our patient clinics among the last
eight months.
We hypothesized that, Parkinson’s disease is the most
frequent presentation in the clinic followed by dystonia patients,
patients with chorea, then patients with tremor and tics.Both the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson disease
increase with age, and the prevalence may be as high as 1 in 50 for
patients over the age of 80 years. There was equal distribution
among both sex, (57.58%) of patients were from rural area.
Moreover there is significant delayed diagnosis of
involuntary movement disorders in rural areas.
Regarding tremor, the ET is more common in males with
26% of subjects had positive FH. There is significant relation
between duration of ET and its severity