الفهرس 
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Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in premature babies, caused by the immature anatomical development of the lungs and surfactant deficiency. Some studies have also revealed that 25(OH)D improves the maturation of Type II pneumocytes and the synthesis of surfactant.
Preterm infants are at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency, Vitamin D status at birth is entirely dependent on maternal vitamin D status, Therefore, it was suggested that higher vitamin D supplementation might be required for prevention of hypovitaminosis D and achievement of normal circulating 25 (OH)D levels (40 to 60 ng) during pregnancy, which would also decrease the incidence of co-morbidities of pregnancy.
A more recent study showed that the role of appropriate vitamin D supplementation that leads to higher maternal 25-OHD levels during pregnancy which would subsequently have beneficial effects in prevention of both maternal and neonatal morbidities.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of poor fetal growth in their randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation in preterm infants <35 weeks gestation, noted a higher prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and longer duration of assisted ventilation in infants on a lower dose of vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) compared with infants on a higher-dose regimen (960 IU/day).
Therefore, this study aims to assess the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants after birth.
A prospective case control study was conducted on 70 newborns, that divided into two groups: group I: consists of 50 preterm infants with RDS, and group: consists of 20 patients of preterm healthy neonates.
All patients were recruited from attended to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) of the Pediatric Department at Menoufia University Hospital and Menouf General Hospital during the period from March 2017 till October 2017.
Full history taking, full clinical examination for all neonates included in this study and the following investigations were done to all cases: Complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels.
The results of the current study were summarized as follow:
There was no-significant difference (P > 0.5) between patients and control group regarding gestational age, birth weight, length (cm), HC, Apgar at 1 min and 5 minutes.
There was no-significant difference (P > 0.5) between patients and control group as regard sex (p=0.15).
There was non-significant difference (P˃0.05) between patients and control group regarding Hb% (P=0.47) TLC (P=0.32), and PLT (P=0.062), PH (p=0.565) and Pco2 levels (P=0.69).
There was a significant difference between patients and control group regarding Hco3 (nmol/I), (P=0.032).
There was highly significant difference (P≤0.001) between them regarding, Pco2(mmHg), (P ≤ 0.001).
The grads of respiratory distress by x ray and the percentage of each grade IV representing 44%.