الفهرس 
introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
6. Summary & Conclusions
The present work was carried out to study the utility of some serum biomarkers in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
This study was carried out on ninety subjects classified into three groups:
1. group I: this group composed of twenty apparently healthy volunteers was included as normal controls aged from 35-51 years with a mean of 42.1 ± 2 years. None of the healthy controls take any medication or dietary supplements.
2. group II: this group composed of twenty patients diagnosed with benign fibroadenoma lesions aged from 35-52 years with a mean of 43.3 ± 1.2 years. They were attending the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University Hospitals, Egypt.
3. group III: This group composed of fifty cases of confirmed early diagnosed primary breast cancer patients most of them with invasive ductal carcinoma type, aged from 38-55 with a mean of 46.1 ± 5.2 years of different stages prior to surgery attending the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University Hospitals, Egypt. They were diagnosed according to typical clinical pattern. Full history was taken for all patients including family history of breast cancer, presence of any types of malignancy and previous treatment with chemotherapy. All patients were newly diagnosed cases, did not receive chemotherapy, radiotherapy or subjected to surgical resection of the cancer.
Summery & conclusions
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Four parameters were measured in the serum of both patients and healthy controls groups. These parameters were: - Serum integrin αvβ3. - Serum vitronectin. - Serum CA15.3
- Serum CEA
The results showed the following:
1- Serum CEA level was within the normal range among breast cancer group.
2- Serum CA15.3 level was less significantly higher in breast cancer than benign and control groups compared to integrin αvβ3 and vitronectin.
3- Vitronectin was significantly higher in breast cancer compared to the benign and control group.
4- Integrin αvβ3 level was highly significant in early stage breast cancer (I –II) than benign and control cases.
from the results of this study we can conclude the following:
1- Serum CEA declares that there is no metastasis was found in breast cancer group to make sure that all breast cancer patients were with stage I & II.
2- Vitronectin may be a worthy marker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and also for differentiation between breast cancer and benign tumor. 3- Integrin αvβ3 may be a useful marker in aiding the early diagnosis of breast cancer and also for differentiation between breast cancer and benign tumor. 4- Using Integrin αvβ3 and vitronectin with conventional serum CA15.3 enhance its sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of breast cancer.