الفهرس 
Anatomy of the ovary
Mature Ovarian Follicles (Graafian folliclesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death from gynecological cancer with a poor prognosis and low overall survival rate. It is an insidious disease and often diagnosed in advanced stages. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of OC, the majority of
patients experience disease recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy.Carcinogenesis and tumor progression are not only associated with
malignant cells themselves, but also with tumor stroma. CAFs are the most
abundant cells in tumor stroma. They are recognized to play a role in the
development and progression of tumors. CAFs contribute to tumor proliferation,invasion, and metastasis via secretion of various growth factors,
cytokines and chemokines.Fibroblasts within tumor stroma proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblasts. These myofibroblasts acquire de novo expression of α SMA. CAFs can be identified by the expression of various markers as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP-1).Angiogenesis is a hallmark of tumor development, invasion and metastasis. Microvessel density(MVD) has been used to evaluate angiogenesis in solid cancers and considered as an indicator of poor prognosis. Several markers are used for quantification of angiogenesis and measurement of MVD as vWF, CD31 and CD34. CD34 is highly
glycosylated cell surface glycoprotein expressed by hematopoietic stem and
progenitor cells. CD34 is widely used as a marker of vascular endothelial
cells.