الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nowadays, the incidence of IR is increasing worldwide, a trend that is largely attributable to lifestyle choices. Unhealthy nutritional patterns such as high consumption of fructose, the sweety poison, are related to these metabolic disorders. Several studies in humans support the relationship between high intake of fructose and hyperglycaemia, IR and type 2 diabetes. Due to its particular metabolic fate, fructose exerts specific effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; moreover, HFD induces IR via a variety of pathogenic mechanisms such as ATP depletion, overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and mediators that cause oxidative stress and chronic inflammation (Goran et al., 2013)( O’Connor et al., 2015)CR can significantly improve IR and T2DM, while the molecular mechanisms mediating this beneficial effect remain unclear (Gao et al., 2015).So, we aimed from this study to clarify the effect of moderate CR in the protection against IR induced by HFD feeding in adult male Wistar albino rats and to assess the role of autophagy.The rats included in this study were classified into 2 main groups, group I (control group): they are normal rats fed balanced animal diet and were left undisturbed but exposed to handling only for 70 days. group II (IR group): IR was induced by feeding HFD for 60 days.Then, at the end of 60 days, blood samples from the retroorbital venous plexus were collected from all rats in group II to be sure that all rats had IR with exclusion of the non-insulin resistant rats from the study.After that, group II was divided into 4 subgroups, each subgroup consisted of 6rats:group II (a): In this subgroup, the IR rats continued HFD for another 10 days.group II (b): In this sub group, the IR rats recieved moderate caloric diet (40% CR) for 10 days.