الفهرس 
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Abstract
The development of SHPT as well as anemia is a common complication of CKD. The World Health Organization has defined anemia as an Hb concentration in normal population lower than 13.0 g/dl in men and post menopausal women and less than 12.0 g/dl in other women. SHPT may enhance increase bone marrow fibrosis, which may lead to decreased erythropoietin and increased resistance to EPO. Erythropoietin cells express calcitriol receptors, which induces proliferation and maturation of erythroid progenitor cells. Therefore, deficiency of calcitriol, a cause of hyperparathyroidism may impair erythropoiesis.
There is a significant relationship between secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) and anemia in ESRD patients. Increase in serum level of PTH is associated with a decrease in serum level of hemoglobin among hemodialysis patients.
Parathyroidectomy in ESRD patients with secondary and tertiary Hyperparathyroidism resulted in stable and/or improved anemia, as well as a decrease in the overall EPO requirement.
After scrupulous searching we didn’t find any study discussing the relationship between HCV and PTH except for studies linked elevated PTH with vitamin d deficiency occurring in chronic hepatitis c patients. So we may be the first study to show the possibility of protective effect of HCV against hyperparathyroidism.
Hence HCV positive Hemodialysis patients in comparison to Negative patients showed low PTH.
PTH is a phosphaturic hormone which means that increase in phosphorus level increase PTH, So that uncontrolled SHPT was associated with higher levels of serum Ca, P, suggestive of the importance of SHPT management.
The study showed the following results:
1. There is significant statistical Negative correlation between HCV and low PTH . Hence HCV positive Hemodialysis patients in comparison to Negative patients showed low PTH. So HCV may have protective effect against hyperparathyroidism.
2. There is significant statistical correlation of HCV and age.
3. HCV infection is significantly associated with lower serum albumin level.
4. Serum creatinine level may be negatively related to HCV infection.
5. There was no significant difference between the two groups according to Hb level.
6. There is significant statistical correlation between age and creatinine.
7. There is significant statistical correlation between phosphorus and PTH .