الفهرس 
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Abstract
The River Nile is an essential natural resource of pure water for drinking, domestic and agricultural affairs. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent decades stressed natural water resources, particularly in overpopulated areas such as the Nile Delta of Egypt. To verify these aims:- The primary goal of the present investigation was to analyze and compare the intestinal helminth fauna of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus from three freshwater ecosystems: Mansouria Canal (Al-Maasara, Meet Ghamr District), the Damietta Branch of the River Nile (Kafr Abu Nabhan, Meet Ghamr District) and an illegal, small-sized fish farm (Kafr AlAagar) Mansoura. Moreover, a good deal of attention was paid to clarify the relationship of the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in water to infection level of the catfish host by an array of intestinal parasites. Also, the present study was conducted to demonstrate seasonal fluctuations in the physicochemical environmental features of water over a complete year round (from spring to winter 2017). Moreover, the present investigation explored the relationship between abiotic factors (e.g. pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, sulphates, bicarbonates, ammonia, total phosphorus, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and selected heavy metals such as iron, zinc, lead, cadmium, manganese and chromium in water, as well as between biotic factors (host sex, condition factor: weight and length) and infection variables (prevalence, mean intensity and abundance) of intestinal parasites of C. gariepinus. Recommendations:- The laws governing the treatment of polluted agricultural wastewater and wastewater in the Nile River, irrigation canals and fish farms should be strictly enforced in order to prevent the impact of pollutants on the physical and chemical properties of water and sediment in aquatic ecosystems and fish production and to ensure that the human health of fish and water is not affected. The requirements for the establishment of fish farms must be implemented in order to meet the requirements of international and local organizations for the safety of the fish farms environment and the availability of veterinary personnel for periodic monitoring of fish health and related factors. Fish feeding on the remains of dead farms and poultry should also be criminalized as these practices pose a serious risk to human health, the main consumer of these fish.