الفهرس 
Acknowledgment
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Abstract
The impact of different chemical water quality parameters and heavy metals concentrations was evaluated on two types of antibiotics (Doxycycline and Norfloxacin) from two different groups (tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones), respectively.Water samples from different sources and localities including tap and ground samples from Assiut Governorate and ground water samples from New Valley Governorate were collected for the experiment. The therapeutic dose of both Doxycycline and Norfloxacin was added separately to the different collected water samples where remeasuring of both antibiotics concentrations were done using Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) after different contact times including zero time, 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours and 8 hours.
Used water samples were previously subjected to different analytical process including:
- Physico-chemical parameters of water including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (T.D.S), total hardness (T.H), calcium ions (Ca⁺²), magnesium ions (Mg⁺²), sodium ions (Na⁺), chloride ions (Clˉ) and water salinity (NaCl).
- Heavy metals concentrations including nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn).
- Antibiotic residues including Doxycycline and Norfloxacin.
The results obtained in this study revealed that:
1- physico-chemical parameters of different water sources:-
The results of chemical water parameters showed that the mean values of water pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (T.D.S) were (8.27 and 6.9), (0.69 and 1.82) and (438.89 and 1140.24) for tap water and ground water, respectively.Moreover, the mean values of total water hardness (T.H), calcium ions (Ca⁺²),sodium ions (Na⁺), chloride ions (Clˉ), water salinity (NaCl) and magnesium ions (Mg⁺²) were (208.75 and 368.33), (77.5 and 77.33) (67.93 and 176.41), (53.25 and 229.08) (87.75 and 301.54) and (131.25 and 291) for tap water and ground water, respectively.
The results revealed that there were significant differences between tap and ground water samples in electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total water hardness (T.H), magnesium ions (Mg⁺²), chloride ions (Clˉ), sodium ions (Na⁺) and water salinity (NaClˉ).
The results of chemical water parameters showed that the mean values of water pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (T.D.S) were (8.53 and 5.6), (1.05 and 2.49) and (617.54 and 1597.60) for ground water of Assiut and New Valley Governorates, respectively.Moreover, the mean values of total water hardness (T.H), calcium ions (Ca⁺²),sodium ions (Na⁺), chloride ions (Clˉ), water salinity (NaCl) and magnesium ions (Mg⁺²) were (264.28 and 459.37), (52.85 and 98.75), (156.18 and 194.11), (49.68 and 386.05), (81.90 and 493.72).and (211.42 and 360.62) for ground water of Assiut and New Valley Governorates, respectively.
The results revealed that there were significant differences between ground water of Assiut and New Valley Governorates in water pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total water hardness (T.H), calcium ions (Ca⁺²) magnesium ions (Mg⁺²), chloride ions (Clˉ) and water salinity (NaClˉ).
2-Heavy metals concentrationof different water sources:-
The estimation of heavy metals load in the collected water samples showed that the mean values of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were ( 0 and 0.17), (4.41 and 183.61), (0.52 and 0.45) and (0.59 and 5.67) for tap and ground water, respectively.The statistical analysis of variance showed insignificant differences between tap and ground water samples, but there were significant differences between tap and ground water in nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe).
The results of heavy metals load in water showed that the mean values of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were ( 0 and 0.327), (6.47and 338.60), (0.519and 0.396) and (0.48and 10.21) for ground water of Assiut and New Valley Governorates, respectively. The statistical analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between ground water of Assiut and New Valley governorates in nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn).
3-The impact of water quality parameters and heavy metals on Doxycycline:
The results showed that the mean values of Doxycycline at different contact times 0, 1 hr, 3 hrs, 5 hrs and 8 hrs were (300, 294.3, 271.1, 232.8 and 207.5); (300, 293.57, 248.57, 214.29 and 179.71) and (300, 297.5, 274.75, 268.75 and 259.25) in Assiut tap water, Assiut ground water and New Valley ground water, respectively. The highest DROP in initial Doxycycline therapeutic concentration was 179.71 in Assiut ground water followed by 207.5 in Assiut tap water and finally 259.25 in New valley ground water. The highest decreasing percent was 40.09% in Assiut ground water followed by 30.83% in Assiut tap water then 13.58% in New Valley ground water.
The results revealed that Doxycycline concentration decrease in water when the time increases. There were significant positive correlations between water pH, magnesium ions (Mg⁺²) and the decrease of Doxycycline concentration in Assiut tap water.Moreover, there were a significant positive correlation between water pHand the decrease of Doxycycline mean concentration in Assiutground water.Also, there wasa significant negative correlation between calcium ions (Ca⁺²) and the decrease of Doxycycline mean concentration in New Valley ground water.
from the obtained results itcould summarize that the higher water pH, the higher decrease in Doxycycline therapeutic concentration and that meansDoxycycline concentration affected by alkaline pH <7. So, the higherdecrease in Doxycycline therapeutic concentration occurred in Assiut ground water followed by Assiut tap water then New Valley ground water. Moreover, the higher of magnesium ions (Mg⁺²), the higher decrease of Doxycycline therapeutic concentration in Assiut tap water, while the reverse in New Valley ground water, when the calcium ions increase, the lower decrease in Doxycycline therapeutic concentration.
4-The impact of water quality parameters and heavy metals on Norfloxacin:
The results showed that the mean values of Norfloxacin at different contact times 0, 1 hr, 3 hrs, 5 hrs and 8 hrs were (1200, 1200, 1200, 1200 and 1200); (1200, 1165.71, 1137.14, 1137.14 and 1137.14) and (1200, 1162.5, 1121.25, 1121.25 and 1121.25) in Assiut tap water, Assiut ground water and New Valley ground water, respectively. The highest DROP in initial Norfloxacintherapeutic concentration was 1121.25 in New Valley ground water followed by 1137.14 in Assiut ground water and finally 1200 in Assiut tap water. The highest decreasing percent was 6.56% in New Valley ground water followed by 5.24% in Assiutground water while Norfloxacin concentration still stable in Assiut tap water.
The obtained results revealed that Norfloxacin concentration decreased in ground water but still stable in tap water and the initial Norfloxacintherapeutic concentrationdroppedafter 1 hr and 3 hrs then it didn’t change. There were significant positive correlation between total water hardness (T.H), magnesium ions (Mg⁺²),chloride ions (Clˉ), water salinity (NaClˉ) and the decrease of Norfloxacintherapeutic concentration in Assiut ground water. Moreover, there were a significant positive correlation between electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium ions (Mg⁺²), sodium ions (Na⁺),chloride ions (Clˉ), water salinity (NaCl), iron (Fe) and the decrease of norfloxacintherapeutic concentration in New Valleyground water.
from the obtained results it could summarize that when total water hardness (T.H), magnesium ions (Mg⁺²),chloride ions (Clˉ), water salinity (NaCl) increased, the decrease in Norfloxacintherapeutic concentration increased in Assiut ground water. Moreover, in New Valley ground water, the decrease of Norfloxacintherapeutic concentration increased, when electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium ions (Mg⁺²), sodium ions (Na⁺), chloride ions (Clˉ), water salinity (NaCl), iron (Fe) increased.